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Elementary Statistics Krizza Joy M. dela Cruz NEUST-CoEd
Introduction to Statistics ,[object Object]
Two Basic Meanings of Statistics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Plural Sense of Statistics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Characteristics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Examples: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Singular Sense of Statistics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Stages of Statistical Inquiry ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Application of Statistics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
History of Statistics
Ancient times (3000 BC – 27 BC) ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Middle ages (300 AD – 1400 AD)
17th century ,[object Object],[object Object]
18th century ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
19th century ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
20th century ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Division of Statistics ,[object Object],[object Object]
Descriptive Statistics ,[object Object]
Inferential Statistics ,[object Object]
Making inferences from the data to more general conditions Simply describe what’s going on with the data Infer the nature of a larger (typically infinite) set of data Describe the data in hand Inferring from the sample data what the population might think Provides summaries about the sample and the measures Drawing conclusions that extend beyond the immediate data alone Describing what is or what the data shows Inferential Statistics Descriptive statistics
Example: Inferential Statistics answer question like “ Is there significant difference in the academic performance of male and female students in statistics?” A politician wants to estimate his chance of winning in the upcoming senatorial election. Example: Descriptive statistics answer question like “ How many students are interested to take statistics online?” A basketball player wants to find his average shots for the past 10 games. Test on Proportion and Chi-square test Normal distributions Simple time series analysis, correlation and regression Summary measures of data Sampling distributions and Hypothesis testing Sampling techniques Inferential Statistics Descriptive statistics
Basic Statistical Terms and Symbols ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
constant vs. variable ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Classification of variables   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Levels of measurement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nominal ,[object Object],[object Object]
Ordinal ,[object Object],[object Object]
Interval ,[object Object],[object Object]
Ratio ,[object Object],[object Object]
survey vs. experiment ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exercises: Descriptive Vs. Inferential ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],C
Exercises: Population vs. Sample ,[object Object]
[object Object]
Quantitative Vs. Qualitative ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Discrete vs. Continuous ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exercises: Dependent vs. Independent ,[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object]
Population and sample ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]

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Introduction to Elementary statistics

  • 1. Elementary Statistics Krizza Joy M. dela Cruz NEUST-CoEd
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  • 30. Making inferences from the data to more general conditions Simply describe what’s going on with the data Infer the nature of a larger (typically infinite) set of data Describe the data in hand Inferring from the sample data what the population might think Provides summaries about the sample and the measures Drawing conclusions that extend beyond the immediate data alone Describing what is or what the data shows Inferential Statistics Descriptive statistics
  • 31. Example: Inferential Statistics answer question like “ Is there significant difference in the academic performance of male and female students in statistics?” A politician wants to estimate his chance of winning in the upcoming senatorial election. Example: Descriptive statistics answer question like “ How many students are interested to take statistics online?” A basketball player wants to find his average shots for the past 10 games. Test on Proportion and Chi-square test Normal distributions Simple time series analysis, correlation and regression Summary measures of data Sampling distributions and Hypothesis testing Sampling techniques Inferential Statistics Descriptive statistics
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