2. Background of the role of
Communication
Barnard’s Contribution
Modern perspective
3. Barnard’s Contribution
The channels of communication should be
definitely known
There should be a definite formal channel
of communication to every member of an
organization
The line of communication should be direct
and short as possible
The complete formal line of communication
should normally be used
4. Barnard’s Contribution
The persons serving as communication
centers should be competent
The line of communication should not be
interrupted while the organization is
functioning
Every communication should be
authenticated
6. Definition of Communication
“The transference and
understanding of meaning”
“An idea, no matter how great, is
useless until it is transmitted and
understood by others”
13. Non verbal Communication
“Message conveyed through body
movements, the intonations or
emphasis we give to words, facial
expressions, and the physical distance
between the sender and receiver”
19. Downward Communication
The purpose of the downward
communication process
Media used for downward communication
Ways to improve downward communication
21. Upward Communication
Methods of improving the effectiveness of
upward communication
Types of information for upward
communication
22. Effective listening
Make eye contact
Exhibit affirmative head nods and appropriate
facial expression
Avoid distracting actions or gestures
Ask questions
Paraphrase
Avoid interrupting the speaker
Don’t over talk
Make smooth transitions between the roles of
speaker and listener
