3. Bologna: Implementing Change
Easily readable and comparable degrees
across participating countries
Bachelor 2 types
or
3 Cycles Master - academic
or
Doctoral - professional
4. Bologna: Implementing Change
Increasing diversity of in-take because of
- cooperation between academic and professional
programs
- wider access and credit transfer in all phases of
the 3 cycles
-(inter)national exchange especially in English
taught programs at master and doctoral level
7. Bologna: Implementing Change
Flexibility in contents
Exchange involves mutual understanding, insight
and respect with regard to (1) learning patterns
(curriculum development) and (2) learning
outcomes (degrees):
- access to information (databases related to curricula and
facilities)
- quality assurance and standards
- acceptance of former qualifications (credit transfer)
- agreements of understanding and development of joint and
double degrees
- transfer and preparatory programs
8. Bologna: Implementing Change
Time dimension of flexibility
In order to promote access across institutions and
programs, the academic calendar and scheduling is
of outmost importance
- division of the academic year in mutually
independent semesters
- subdivision of semesters in modules related
to well defined and coherent curriculum
packages
9. Bologna: Implementing Change
Location aspects of flexibility
Logistics related to mobility of staff and students at intra-
national and international level
- organisation of mutual access to programs and
campus
- facilitating and rewarding physical transfer
- development of alternatives or back-up of physical
mobility (tele-classing, virtual classrooms, etc. …)
10. Bologna: Implementing Change
Internal and external stakeholders involved
- students
- academic staff and curriculum developers
- administration:
registration/student facilities/personnel/
communication and promotors/etc. …
- government
- sponsors
- alumni
- other universities (competitors?)
12. Bologna: Implementing Change
Financial implications
- Cost of diversity and flexibility
- quality assurance
- coaching of students and staff
- promotion and communication
- mobility
- language barriers (development of “common
business language”)
- Revenues: linked to financial mechanisms
13. Bologna: Implementing Change
Financial mechanisms
- Government support (and rules) versus financial
autonomy
increase in competition
- for input and market share of students
- focus on productivity and results
in terms of learning outcome and output
(degrees)
15. Bologna: Implementing Change
Governance in context of change
- decision levels and organisational
structure (empowerment of departments
versus centralisation)
- scale versus specialisation
- cooperation versus competition
- attraction and motivation of human
resources
