1. Kinetic Theory of Gases and Non-Ideal Gases

2. Kinetic Theory of Gases An Attempt to Explain Why the Gas Laws Work

3. Origin of the postulates of the Kinetic Theory of Gases

4. Origin of postulates part 2

8. Velocity of gas molecules and Mean free path

9. Rotating disk method of measuring velocity distribution

10. Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular speeds same gas (N 2 ) at different temperatures

11. Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular speeds different gases at same temperature

13. Graham’s Law of Effusion Effusion is the leaking of a gas through a small hole. A Hydrogen fountain illustrating the high diffusion rate of H 2 gas. Diffusion is related but not identical to effusion.

14. The collection of a gas over water using a pneumatic trough. This method should not be used for gases that dissolve in water (then use Hg like Priestley).

15. Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

16. Representative partial pressures (in torr) in inhaled and exhaled air. In the respiration process, we use O2 and emit CO2 as well as humidifying the air that passes through our lungs. A corollary of Dalton’s Law is P total = X A P = mole fraction of gas A times the partial pressure of gas A

17. Gay-Lussac’s Law of Combining Volumes

18. Avogadro’s Hypothesis

19. Non-Ideal Gases Real gases condense to a liquid. An ideal gas cannot.

20. A British term for what we call UHF, Ultra High Frequency View Modern view

21. Air Liquefier

23. Dewar flask (or thermos bottle)

24. The Compressibility Factor, PV/nRT

26. Properties of Real Gases

27. Properties of Real Gases Decrease due to Intermolecular Attractive Forces Increase due to Molecular Volume significant

28. The destructive effect of higher temperatures

29. Van der Waals’ equation which corrects for the non-ideal properties of gases

32. The a and b factors in Van der Waals’ equation

33. Table continued

34. Two calculations

37. Solution of the Van der Waals equation to find the Critical Temperature and Critical Pressure

41. Liquid Nitrogen Air that is so cold that it becomes a liquid (probably the coolest stuff you will ever see)

42. Liquid Nitrogen Ice Cream