Python from zero to hero (Twitter Explorer)
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This document outlines steps to build a Twitter explorer application using Python and Flask. It begins with setting up the virtual environment and cloning the GitHub repository. It then walks through steps to add basic functionality like configuration, templates, a database with SQLAlchemy ORM, user authentication with Flask plugins, and finally integrating the Twitter API. Each step includes changes to files, dependencies in requirements.txt, and commands to test and view progress. The goal is to create a full-stack web application to explore tweets from the Twitter API.
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Python from zero to hero (Twitter Explorer)
- 1. Python From Zero To Hero TwitterExplorer by Y. Senko and K. Leschenko
- 3. Before we start Add to your Vagrantfile: config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 5000, host: 5000 $ - run command in shell mysql> - run command in MySQL console In [12]: - execute in iPython interpreter
- 4. STEP 0: Create new virtual environment $ cd /vagrant $ virtualenv from_zero_to_hero $ cd from_zero_to_hero $ source bin/activate
- 5. STEP 0: Clone Git Repository $ mkdir src $ cd src $ git clone https://github.com/ysenko/python-from-zero-to-hero.git $ cd python-from-zero-to-hero/ $ git checkout step_0
- 6. Step 0: Project Structure ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── requirements.txt └── twitter_explorer ├── handlers │ └── __init__.py ├── __init__.py └── twitter_backend └── __init__.py requirements.txt - contains a list of all PYTHON dependencies handlers twitter_backend
- 7. STEP 0: Install dependencies $ pip install -r requirements.txt
- 8. STEP 1: "Hello World" application $ git checkout step_1
- 9. STEP 2: Configuration $ git checkout step_2 $ vim config/config.py load_config() in application.py $ echo "DEBUG = True" > ~/.twitter_explorer_conf.py $ export TWITTER_EXPLORER_CONF=~/.twitter_explorer_conf.py
- 10. STEP 3: Unittests $ git checkout step_3 $ nosetests tests New directory tests Base test class Test for / test_config.py new load_config()
- 11. STEP 4: Templates $ git checkout step_4 $ nosetests tests http://127.0.0.1:5000 static/bootstrap templates/base.html Jinja2 http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/0.10/templating/ utils.render_template() url_for() http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/0.10/api/#flask.url_for
- 12. STEP 5: DB and ORM $ git checkout step_5 $ pip install -U -r requirements.txt
- 13. STEP 5: requirements.txt $ git diff step_4 step_5 -- requirements.txt diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt index 2150589..4851485 100644 --- a/requirements.txt +++ b/requirements.txt @@ -1,16 +1,21 @@ Flask==0.10.1 +Flask-Bcrypt==0.6.0 +Flask-SQLAlchemy==1.0 Jinja2==2.7.2 MarkupSafe==0.23 +PyMySQL==0.6.2 PyYAML==3.11 +SQLAlchemy==0.9.4 Werkzeug==0.9.4 argparse==1.2.1 itsdangerous==0.24 nltk==2.0.4 +py-bcrypt==0.4 tweepy==2.3.0 wsgiref==0.1.2 # This is for tests and debug. -ipdb==0.8 -ipython==2.1.0 +ipdb +ipython nose
- 14. STEP 5: requirements.txt ipython: interactive Python console with awesome autocomplete (http://ipython.org/) ipdb: interactive debugger based on ipython (https://pypi.python.org/pypi/ipdb) SQLAlchemy: ORM (http://www.sqlalchemy.org/) PyMySQL: Python MySQL client library (https://github.com/PyMySQL/PyMySQL) py-bcrypt: password-hashing library for Python (http://www.mindrot.org/projects/py-bcrypt/) Flask-Bcrypt, Flask-SQLAlchemy: Flask plugins, to make your life easier.
- 15. STEP 5: MySQL configuration Connect $ mysql -uroot # add «-p» if you set password for MySQL root user during installation Add databases: mysql> create database twitter_explorer; mysql> create database twitter_explorer_test; Add new users: mysql> CREATE USER 'twitter_explorer'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; Grant Privileges: mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES on twitter_explorer.* to 'twitter_explorer'@'localhost'; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES on twitter_explorer_test.* to 'twitter_explorer'@'localhost';
- 16. STEP 5: Tests again Run $ nosetests tests twitter_explorer/config twitter_explorer/models.py(): create(), drop(), User model, twitter_explorer/errors.py tests/__init__.py: setup_package(), teardown_package() tests/test_models.py application.py: plugins initialization twitter_explorer/__init__.py
- 17. ` $ ipython In [1]: from twitter_explorer import models In [2]: models.create() In [4]: help(models.User.register) # You can read doc directly from python console In [5]: user = models.User.register('root', 'root@root', 'qwerty123') In [7]: user.email Out[7]: u'root@root' In [8]: user.username Out[8]: u'root' In [9]: user.password Out[9]: u'$2a$12$HD8j/PCASgMehQSo4y4oqetpVZB509fB92hOi3o3TRv/7j0XmuRjK' In [10]: user.check_password('123') Out[10]: False In [11]: user.check_password('qwerty123') Out[11]: True mysql> select * from user;
- 18. STEP 6: Add functionality … finally $ git checkout step_6 $ pip install -U -r requirements.txt $ nosetests tests 18
- 19. STEP 6: What’s new in requirements.txt +Flask-WTF - forms validation, CSRF protection and other goods https://flask-wtf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ +Flask-Login - simple user session management for Flask https://flask-login.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ 19
- 20. STEP 6: New endpoints $ vim twitter_explorer/__init__.py +app.add_url_rule('/login', 'login', login.login, methods=['GET', 'POST']) +app.add_url_rule('/signup', 'signup', login.register, methods=['GET', 'POST']) +app.add_url_rule('/logout', 'logout', login.logout, methods=['GET']) +app.add_url_rule('/', 'index', index.index, methods=['GET']) 20
- 21. STEP 6: login and logout $ vim twitter_explorer/handlers/login.py login() logout() register() @login_required LoginForm SignUpForm 21
- 22. STEP 6: New templates $ vim twitter_explorer/templates/base.html $ vim twitter_explorer/templates/register.html $ vim twitter_explorer/templates/login.html 22
- 23. STEP 6: Final review $ git diff step_5 step_6 python twitter_explorer/__init__.py Try to register a new user and login 23
- 24. STEP 7:Twitter backend $ git checkout step_7 $ nosetests tests ... 24
- 25. STEP 7: Keep calm and install dependencies $ pip install -U -r requirements.txt $ nosetests tests 25
- 26. STEP 7: Flask-Scripts $ vim manage.py $ ./manage.py --help $ ./manage.py db create 26
- 27. STEP 7: Twitter Auth $ vim twitter_explorer/twitter_backend/auth.py Read more here https://dev.twitter.com/oauth $ vim twitter_explorer/models.py TwitterConfig get_by_user() update() 27
- 28. STEP 7: Register New Twitter APP https://apps.twitter.com/ 28
- 29. STEP 7: Consumer Token and Secret 29
- 30. STEP 7: New config vars $ export TWITTER_EXPLORER_CONF=~/.twitter_explorer_conf.py $ vim ~/.twitter_explorer_conf.py Copy-paste TWITTER_TOKEN_KEY and TWITTER_TOKEN_SECRET into your local config file. 30
- 31. STEP 7: Generate access token $ ipython In [3]: from twitter_explorer.twitter_backend.auth import get_access_token In [4]: consumer_token = 'tzrxWniFbssXf3n3lInGxgsPZ' In [5]: consumer_secret = '1iZBdRCqFmc9lcGTIcQITlz13gHE76LKSmPoOnj8as4ahRVAxf' In [6]: get_access_token(consumer_token, consumer_secret) Please open this URL in browser and grant access. Then copy verification code and paste it here. https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=qFqbgHYTwukiAhQIWlj3XRMqqMmaoZuE Verification code: 5029727 Access token key: 140718674-Rbd19jQ6xyM7g8mjFLeiupmN3nne92hVcvz6vOBz Access token secret: rNApBcPFp8pfTh5vmTKGVRbu5xignY7sD9zAaFCfGNHSI 31
- 32. STEP 7: Set access credentials $ ipython In [1]: from twitter_explorer.models import create In [2]: create() $ python twitter_explorer/__init__.py Copy-paste access key and token into your account 32
- 34. Q&A The End! 34