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AOJ0234にみる
ダイクストラ法の応用
OGURA
2
ダイクストラ法
• 単一始点最短距離
1
3
その他の頂点
15
3
2
コスト(距離)
始点
遠い…
3
2
1
アルゴリズムの内容
1. 始点からの最短距離確定組 vs 未確定組にわける
2. 未確定組の中で最短でいける頂点を確定組の仲間にする
10
15
3
2
始点
その他の頂点
1手目 始点:0, 1:∞, 2:∞, 3:∞ 確定組(始点)
• 始点から始点への最短距離は0なので始点を確定組に追加
2手目 始点:0, 1:10, 2:15, 3:∞ 確定組(始点)
• 確定組から行ける最短距離を更新する(始点→1,始点→2)
3手目 始点:0, 1:10, 2:15, 3:∞ 確定組(始点,1)
• 未確定組の中で始点から最短なやつを確定組に追加
• 確定組から行ける最短距離を更新する(始点→2,1→2)
4手目 始点:0, 1:10, 2:13, 3:∞ 確定組(始点,1)
最短距離
頂点1 : 10
頂点2 : 13
頂点3 : 15
• 未確定組の中で始点から最短なやつを確定組に追加
5手目 始点:0, 1:10, 2:13, 3:∞ 確定組(始点,1,2)
AOJ0234
• 始点がいっぱい
• 終点もいっぱい
• ノードの状態が変化
• 条件(空気)がある
始点
(1,1
)
始点
(2,1
)
始点
(3,1
)
始点
(4,1
)
(1,2
)
(1,n
)
終点
(2,2
)
(3,2
)
(4,2
)
(2,n
)
終点
(3,n
)
終点
(4,n
)
終点
縦は一方通行
縦でも横でも
空気=空気-1+10
0
→0
-100
0
-100
→0
状態の変化
ノードの分割
1. ノードの状態が変わる のはめんどくさい
2. 別のノードとして捉える
3. 頂点(x,y,left,right,oxigen)で考える
(0,0)
(0,0,0,0,1)
(1,0)
(0,1) (1,1)
普通の捉え方
distance[x][y] =
最小コスト
+3 -10
-10 or 0
+3 or 0
-1 + 5
+5 or 0
-1 or 0
(1,0,0,0,10)
初期空気=2
最大空気=5
仮の始点を置く場合もあるが
今回は置かないほうが楽
3 0
(1,0,1,1,5)
5
(1,1,1,1,4)
3
(0,0,0,1,4)
0
(1,0,0,1,3)
1
+
+
1(0,1,0,0,0)
空気がないので
行き止まり
(1,0,0,1,5)
0
0
(0,0,0,1,4)
1
(0,1,0,0,3)
空気があるので
行き止まらない
仮の終点を置く場合もあるが
空気1以上でy==HEIGHT-1 の
頂点をみたらいい
distance[x][y][l][r][o] =
最小コスト
実装方法
• struct Node {int cost,x,y,left,right,oxigen; (コンストラクタもかく) };
• std::priority_queue<Node> Q;
• 始点: REP(x,W) Q.push(Node(コスト[0][x],x,0,x,x,min(最大,初期空気+空気[0][x]-1)))
• ノード: Node node = Q.top(); Q.pop();
• 終点: if(node.oxigen>=1 && node.y==HEIGHT-1) return node.cost;
• while(!Q.empty())して毎回最小コストのNodeから道を作る
まとめ
• 頂点情報を工夫する(ノードやエッジは固定がいい)
• 頂点情報の次元と値域=> 配列サイズ
• ダイクストラは最小を見つけられる
• 負のエッジは怖いけど工夫次第では無くせる場合がある
おわり

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AOJ0234にみるダイクストラ法の応用

  • 3. 3 2 1 アルゴリズムの内容 1. 始点からの最短距離確定組 vs 未確定組にわける 2. 未確定組の中で最短でいける頂点を確定組の仲間にする 10 15 3 2 始点 その他の頂点 1手目 始点:0, 1:∞, 2:∞, 3:∞ 確定組(始点) • 始点から始点への最短距離は0なので始点を確定組に追加 2手目 始点:0, 1:10, 2:15, 3:∞ 確定組(始点) • 確定組から行ける最短距離を更新する(始点→1,始点→2) 3手目 始点:0, 1:10, 2:15, 3:∞ 確定組(始点,1) • 未確定組の中で始点から最短なやつを確定組に追加 • 確定組から行ける最短距離を更新する(始点→2,1→2) 4手目 始点:0, 1:10, 2:13, 3:∞ 確定組(始点,1) 最短距離 頂点1 : 10 頂点2 : 13 頂点3 : 15 • 未確定組の中で始点から最短なやつを確定組に追加 5手目 始点:0, 1:10, 2:13, 3:∞ 確定組(始点,1,2)
  • 4. AOJ0234 • 始点がいっぱい • 終点もいっぱい • ノードの状態が変化 • 条件(空気)がある 始点 (1,1 ) 始点 (2,1 ) 始点 (3,1 ) 始点 (4,1 ) (1,2 ) (1,n ) 終点 (2,2 ) (3,2 ) (4,2 ) (2,n ) 終点 (3,n ) 終点 (4,n ) 終点 縦は一方通行 縦でも横でも 空気=空気-1+10 0 →0 -100 0 -100 →0 状態の変化
  • 5. ノードの分割 1. ノードの状態が変わる のはめんどくさい 2. 別のノードとして捉える 3. 頂点(x,y,left,right,oxigen)で考える (0,0) (0,0,0,0,1) (1,0) (0,1) (1,1) 普通の捉え方 distance[x][y] = 最小コスト +3 -10 -10 or 0 +3 or 0 -1 + 5 +5 or 0 -1 or 0 (1,0,0,0,10) 初期空気=2 最大空気=5 仮の始点を置く場合もあるが 今回は置かないほうが楽 3 0 (1,0,1,1,5) 5 (1,1,1,1,4) 3 (0,0,0,1,4) 0 (1,0,0,1,3) 1 + + 1(0,1,0,0,0) 空気がないので 行き止まり (1,0,0,1,5) 0 0 (0,0,0,1,4) 1 (0,1,0,0,3) 空気があるので 行き止まらない 仮の終点を置く場合もあるが 空気1以上でy==HEIGHT-1 の 頂点をみたらいい distance[x][y][l][r][o] = 最小コスト
  • 6. 実装方法 • struct Node {int cost,x,y,left,right,oxigen; (コンストラクタもかく) }; • std::priority_queue<Node> Q; • 始点: REP(x,W) Q.push(Node(コスト[0][x],x,0,x,x,min(最大,初期空気+空気[0][x]-1))) • ノード: Node node = Q.top(); Q.pop(); • 終点: if(node.oxigen>=1 && node.y==HEIGHT-1) return node.cost; • while(!Q.empty())して毎回最小コストのNodeから道を作る
  • 7. まとめ • 頂点情報を工夫する(ノードやエッジは固定がいい) • 頂点情報の次元と値域=> 配列サイズ • ダイクストラは最小を見つけられる • 負のエッジは怖いけど工夫次第では無くせる場合がある