1.
Oral Presentations

2.
Table of Content
What makes a presenter
Types
Elements
Process of the presentations
Factors to remember

3.
“The difference between a smart person and a wise person is that a
smart person knows what to say and a wise person knows whether or
not to say it.”
Self control
Self awareness
Analytical and critical abilities
Would you try that?

4.
“All the great
speakers were
bad speakers at
first.” - Ralph
Waldo Emerson

5.
“Let the speech be better than silence or be silent”
Speak when it’s necessary

6.
What is an “Oral Presentation”?
A presentation is any opportunity to communicate your point of view or ideas
to an audience. This can be informal or formal, impromptu or prepared,
individual or group.
In business we may make presentations to our:
•Bosses
•New employees
•Customers
•Colleagues
•Suppliers

7.
Defining Presentations
A speech or talk in
which a new product,
idea, or piece of work is
shown and explained to
an audience.

8.
Importance
Facilitates face to face interaction
Speaker’s confidence and sincerely believes the message is being delivered
Information technologies have replaced some of the functions of business
presentations, this assumption is not true

9.
Types
1. Prepared
2. Manuscripts
3. Memorization
4. Impromptu

10.
Process
Preparing/
writing
Delivering
completion
Planning

11.
Planning, Topic
The starting point for developing a message is selecting
a topic.
WAYS:
1. Engage in personal brainstorming
2. Brainstorm with others
3. Use search engines
4. Are you interested in this topic?
5. Is the topic relevant to your audience?
Write everything
about the topic:
quotes, ideas,
anecdotes, facts,
figures, examples,
stories, statistics

12.
Once you have selected a topic, the process of refining it begins.
The goal is usually motivated by one of the general purposes
1. To inform
2. To instruct
3. To educate
4. To train
5. To persuade
6. To motivate
7. To change
8. To celebrate
Planning, Purpose

13.
Audience
What you want them to:
Think
Feel
Do

14.
Knowing your Audience
What is their knowledge level
Language level
Education level
 What they already know about the topic?
What they need to know or want to know?
Why they are attending the presentation?
What presentation style can they best relate to?
Determine audience’s size & composition
Predict audience’s probable reaction
Age
Gender
Cultural identity
Ethnic background
Race
Religious affiliations
And group memberships.

15.
Preparing/Writing
Main idea or content
Limit your scope
Select your approach
Prepare an outline
Develop your presentation
1. Introduction
2. Body
3. Conclusion/summing up
 Tell a story

16.
Preparing/Slides/ppt
Attractive/Interesting/Persuasive/Visual
Systematic and logical flow
Points or sentences/no paragraphs
Make your audience watch or read. Visual conveys more
than 50%
Design, font, color, size
(learn how to make an effective ppt)

17.
Cont…
Easy to read
Color contrast
Text alignment
Use images sparingly
Think outside of the screen/don’t read slides
Ask questions
Have a style

18.
Providing support for ideas
Explanation:
It is the act or process of making a subject plain or comprehensible.
Examples:
It connects the main ideas of a presentation with a real or an ideal
state envisioned by the speaker.

19.
Cont…
Statistics:
The practice or science of collecting and analysing numerical
data in large quantities, especially for the purpose of inferring
proportions in a whole from those in a representative sample.
Visual aids:
It enhance the clarity and credibility of the message.

20.
Types Of Visual Aids
ACTUAL OBJECT OR A MODEL OF IT

21.
Delivering/Completing
Oral Delivery
Volume
Rate/Pace
Vocal Quality
Stress
Intonation
Pronunciation

22.
A checklist for the venue
• The room size, seating arrangements, layout, set-up and acoustics
• The technical arrangements, e.g. microphones (either hand held or
lapel mikes), power points, computer use, audio-visuals, lighting, music,
and whether assistance is available (and have you notified your
requirements in advance?)
• What controls are there for air-conditioning (too cold, too hot), lighting,
moving people in/out?
• What are the seats like?

23.
Cont…
Nonverbal Delivery
Posture
Movement
Gestures
Facial Expressions
Appearance

24.
Warm up!
Helps you to relax
Helps you to be heard
Helps you to sound more confident

25.
Warm up!
Deep breathing exercises- in for a count of 5, out for a count of 5. In for 6, out
for 6, and so on, up to 10.
Hum! This loosens the vocal chords and warms them up
Do some tongue twisters. Really try to articulate the words. Get faster and
faster!
Yawn.

26.
Tongue Twisters!
Unique New York
She sells sea shells by the sea shore. The shells that she sells are sea
shells I’m sure
Red Lorry, Yellow Lorry
Peter Piper picked a peck of picked peppers
Rubber buggy baby bumpers

27.
Giving the Presentation, cont:
Clothing: comfortable, appropriate
Maintain eye contact
Use notes if you need them
Think about when to use handouts

28.
Public Speaking Tips
Breathe deeply
Take your time
Test the microphone
Smile!

29.
PowerPoint tips
Look at the audience, not the slides
Don’t overcrowd
Pay attention to colour and layout
Print out slides
Test beforehand

30.
Dealing with Questions
Questions show people are listening!
Allow time to deal with them
Decide when to answer them
Try and anticipate
Don’t be afraid to stop and think

31.
What if I don’t know the answer?
Open it to the floor
Take details and answer later
Repeat the question back if you don’t understand it

32.
Seven Factors to Remember!
1. The start
Do not apologize
Be confident
Know the topic well

33.
2. Audience mood
Be empathic with your audience’s mood
Watch your audience’s body language; their facial expressions, glances
exchanged, shuffling of feet etc.
Project the right degree of formality
Use good pace and drive
Don’t be arrogant - this will turn your audience against you
Control your enthusiasm
Factors cont…

34.
3. Your voice
Be clearly audible
Use a microphone if necessary
Keep your head up
Open your mouth wider than during normal speech
Speak comparatively slow so the audience can digest what you are saying
Keep right level of stress, accent, and speed of speaking
Use a good pitch – the musical tone – vary it. High notes convey urgency, the low
notes convey emphasis
Factors cont…

35.
4. Body language
Positioning of your body – stand in a good posture, do not pace around
too much
Use your hands in proper gestures to support your points
Good use of eye contact – gains and holds attention and establishes
rapport
Avoid mannerisms that irritate, e.g. Swaying side to side, fiddling with
marker, fidgeting with fingers, swirling to and fro etc.
Avoid hands in pockets
Factors cont…

36.
5. Your visual aids
When using flip charts or white boards, write from the side
Write legibly
Stand so that you do not block the view of the screen
Do not speak to the board or screen
Factors cont…

37.
6. Timing
Make sure you end on time
Observe the division of time from the introduction to body and to the conclusion
Factors cont…

38.
7. Conclusion
Finish with equal enthusiasm as was on start
Ask the audience for action
Leave no doubt in your audience’s mind that you have come to an end
of your presentation
Factors cont…

39.
Key to success
Rehearse
Rehearse
Rehearse

40.
Last, but not the least
“There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and
learning from failure.”
Gen. Colin L. Powell

41.
Suggested Readings
Adair, J. (2003). Adair on Communication and Presentation Skills.
Thorogood: London. pp. 36-41
Abhiyan, S. (2003). Module on Communication Skills in English. New Delhi:
India. pp. 146-157

42.
Any questions???

43.
Thank you!