1. US Army
Corps of Engineers
Reconstruction Assistance for
Iraq’s Water Sector
Iraq’s
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Dr. Edwin A. Theriot
Director, Interagency and
International Services
2. Outline
US Army
Corps of Engineers
• Iraq’s physical infrastructure – needs and
reconstruction status
• National Water Resources Planning
• Capacity Development
3. US Army
Corps of Engineers
Part 1
Iraq’s physical infrastructure –
needs and reconstruction
status
4. US Army
Corps of Engineers
• Euphrates Basin
Thirty-two BCM; 95%
Turkey, 5% Syria.
TURKEY • Tigris Basin
Fifty BCM; 20 BCM
Tigris Turkey, 30 BCM
IRAN tributaries.
SYRIA • System storage
Euphrates
Baghdad Turkey – 90 BCM;
Syria – 14 BCM; Iraq –
JORDAN
IRAQ 110 BCM.
• Utilization
Iraq – 90% used for
KUWAIT
irrigation.
SAUDI ARABIA Gulf
5. US Army Duhok Dam
Corps of Engineers Mosel Dam
Iraq Water Dokan Dam
Management Haditha Dam
System
Dibs Barrage
• 8 major storage dams,
Tharthar Outlet Regulator
Derbend-i Khan Dam
(including Tharthar and
Habbaniyah), with
Tigris – Euphrates Regulator
another large dam
Hemrin Dam
under construction
• 12 large barrages for Diyala Weir
irrigation projects
• 275 irrigation pump
Ramadi Barrage
stations
• Produce 17%+ of Iraq’s Fallujah Barrage
electricity
• 27,000 km of irrigation
channels Kut Barrage
• 3.25 million hectares
irrigated
• Historical marsh regions
at confluence of Tigris Gharaff Regulator
Marshes
and Euphrates
7. Problem / Relevance
US Army
Corps of Engineers
• Mosul Dam has severe foundation
problems and has been subject to
grouting 6 days a week, 24 hours a
day since construction.
• Enhanced grouting system using
Intelligrout is being procured for the
dam.
• GRD / PCO solicited ERDC to
develop geologic and numerical
groundwater model to support
grouting program.
9. Nassariyah Drainage Pump
US Army Station
Corps of Engineers
• Largest irrigation drainage pump station in the Mideast
• Will improve the agricultural drainage in the Iraqi heartlands,
enhancing agricultural productivity; minimizing long-term
salinization of 220,000 hectares
• Partially constructed in the 1980s – USG is currently
completing remaining construction and rehabilitating the
pumps and associated mechanical and electrical equipment
to make the pump station fully operational
• USG funding most of costs
• Additional funds needed
10. Water Sector
US Army
Goals and Effects
Corps of Engineers As of 23 Oct 06
World Bank Estimate: $14.4B US Contribution: $2.4B
Current US
Program Product End State Way-Ahead
($2.4B)
Potable Water Complete major
2.4 Million
m³/day projects (Nassriya,
Delivery Capacity Added
Meshkab).
Potable Water Complete small direct
8.4 Million
People Affected contracts.
Sewerage 1.2 Million
Treatment Capacity Added m³/day
Complete Fallujah
Sewerage project.
Sewerage
5.3 Million
People Affected
Complete Diyala Weir
Repair Dams, Barrages, Canal 2
project.
Complete Nassriya
Drainage Pump Station
project.
Irrigated Land 387k ha
Initiate Eastern
Euphrates Drain
project.
11. US Army
Corps of Engineers
Part 2
National Water Resources Planning
12. Strategy for Water and Land Resources in
Iraq (SWLRI)
US Army
Component of the USAID ARDI Project
Component of the USAID ARDI Project
Corps of Engineers
• Two-phased comprehensive planning effort.
– Phase I – Data, issues, models, plan Phase II. 14 Months.
– Phase II – Comprehensive Studies, formulate and compare
‘interventions’ (physical/policy/operations). 4/5 years.
• MoWR lead Iraqi institution.
• Management and execution by USAID contractors DAI and Mott
MacDonald, USACE HEC participation.
• Oversight by Iraqi inter-ministerial steering committee
• Phase I initiated late August 2005, expected to conclude end of
December 2006.
• Phase II scope to be determined based on Phase I assessments.
13. Select SWLRI Phase I Outputs
US Army
Corps of Engineers
• Web-based Data • Groundwater: • Water resources models:
Collection and Sharing – Limited data collection on – Refined HEC-ResSim
groundwater quantity and Reservoir Simulation Model
System: quality – Mott MacDonald Pilot Hydro-
– Claromantis online server – Identified areas for future 1D Water Quality Model and
hosting uploads of data studies Pilot Integration of Salinity
collected from various Transport Methodology into
ministries the HEC-ResSim Model
• Environment: – Pilot HEC-ResPRM Reservoir
• Irrigation and – Literature review on major Optimization Model
areas of concern and limited
agriculture: water quality data collection
– Limited data collection on – Assessment of the current • Multi-Criterion Analysis:
irrigation projects framework for environmental – Mott MacDonald spreadsheet-
– Initial preparation of GIS impact assessment and based tool for weighting and
maps and tools (AEZ enforcement of regulations screening various
Program) alternatives, considering
– Investigation of qualitative value judgment of
methodologies for assessing • Hydropower: economic, social,
crop yield production – Limited information collected environmental, and
on energy sector implementation criteria.
– Investigation of suitable
• Municipal water supplies: economic models and
– Limited data collection appropriate ranges for
– Initial assessment of current sensitivity analysis of power
levels of supply and future demand and the role of
demands hydropower.
– Preliminary water balance
example for Thi Qar
Governorate
14. US Army
Corps of Engineers
Agroecologic
Zones (AEZ)
Program
• Crop ecological requirements
• Automating the land
evaluation process
• Agro-climatic analysis
• LGP (length of growing period)
analysis
• Analysis and interpretation of
rainfall time series
• Analysis and interpretation of
time series of other climate
parameters
• GIS implementation
16. Five Levels of Capacity
US Army
Corps of Engineers
Development
Functions
Policy, Strategy, Level 1
Program Direction Policy
Interface
Drivers
(e.g., Requirements, Level 2
Incentive Structures, Laws and Regulations
Budgets)
Interface
Focus on Required
Management Interfaces Level 3
between Host Nation Inter-Organizational
Government entities
Interface
Institutional Development (e.g.,
Structures, Missions, Business Level 4
Systems/Processes, Integrated Host Nation Government
Logistics Support, HR)
Interface
Labor Force Development and
Level 5
Training at Facility/System
Level Infrastructure
LEGEND
Policy and
Direction,
Information,
Reporting
16
17. USACE Capacity Building Training
US Army
Corps of Engineers
Program
• 90 MoWR staff received 6,500 hours of training
• Courses in water control, GIS, H&H, stream and
snow gauging, reservoir system modeling,
surveying and mapping, dam safety, operation and
maintenance, geospatial reference systems, Mosul
Dam rehabilitation
• Future training plan developed
18. US Army
MoWR Future Training Needs
Corps of Engineers
• USACE and MoWR identified $9.5M in unfunded
training needs
• Priority 1 training needs: supervisory and leadership,
strategic planning, GIS, GPS for GIS, hydraulic,
watershed and reservoir modeling, project
management, statistical methods, soil salinity
management, environmental analysis, compliance, and
regulatory, and information technology security
• 50 other topics identified in addition to repeating
courses
19. Capacity Development – UNESCO
US Army Institute for Water Education
Corps of Engineers
• Master’s degrees in four engineering (water and
environment) majors
• Very cost effective approach to capacity
development for mid-level career employees
• 16 students in FY 2005, 5 students in FY 2006, 10
students in FY 2007
• Costs $60,000 per student all inclusive
20. Future Training Possibilities through
US Army UNESCO-IHE
UNESCO-IHE
Corps of Engineers
• Additional students @ $60,000 each
• Short courses in Jordan, Egypt, or Kuwait - $100,000 each
• Study tours for senior Ministry officials to Europe, Asia, and/or
U.S. - $100,000-$200,000 each
• Project-oriented training
• Technology course (GIS, models, databases) - $100,000 each
• Work-study tours with European, Asian, U.S. agency - $50,000
per person
24. Iraq Marshland Restoration Project (IMRP)
US Army
Corps of Engineers
• USAID-funded (~$4 Million), DAI-managed program with several
partners involved including Iraqi governmental and academic
organizations
• Main program components
1. Action Plan for Integrated Marsh Management
2. Agricultural Production and Agribusiness
3. Livestock and Dairy Production
4. Fishing and Fish Farming
5. Health Care Services
6. Domestic Water Treatment
25. New Eden
Master Plan for Integrated Water Resources
US Army Management In the Marshland Areas
Corps of Engineers
• Consortia of Italian Ministry of Environment and Territories (IMET),
Iraq Foundation (IF), U.S. and Italian Engineering Firms
• Comprehensive study of the Southern region of Iraq:
– River hydraulics of the Tigris and Euphrates in the vicinity of the
Marshes
– Hydraulic modeling of the Marshes and assessment of water needs for
various restoration levels
– Assessment of Existing and Planned Agriculture in the south of Iraq
– Assessment of Social, economic, and energy aspects related to
resettlement (“Green Village”) in the Marshes
26. The Future
US Army
Corps of Engineers
• Supporting stability and reconstruction is
one of our primary agency goals
• We will continue to assist Iraq and assist
other countries as called upon
• Water resources infrastructure and
management is important to stabilize nations
• We seek partnerships from others to
accomplish the above
