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S
Governance, Development, and the
Responsive-Repressive State in
Vietnam
Benedict J. Tria Kerkvliet
Presented by Hang Nguyen
Agenda
S Context
S Governance
S Development
S Democracy
S Responsiveness
S Repressiveness
S Debates among critics
Context
S Good governance: appropriate public policies,
authorities being accountable to the people and people
being able to influence policy-makers.
S Development: the improvement of citizens’ economic
and social welfare.
S Democracy: free and regular elections, a multiparty
political system, multiple branches of government
(legislative, executive and judicial), freedom of press and
speech, and robust civil society organisations.
Governance
S Communist Party:
S only authorised political party
S dominates national and local government offices, the
bureaucracy, the legal system and mass media
S Official ‘mass organisations’ for workers, peasants,
women and other sectors of society are closely tied to the
party and its government.
Development
S Citizens’ welfare has improved considerably.
S ‘Democratic institutions are not necessarily required for
improvement in people’s well-being, accountability of
authorities and citizens’ influence on policy-makers’.
S Relationship between governing authorities and citizens.
Responsiveness
S Vietnam’s political system:
S A top-down system dominated by a centralised CP-run state with
no room for societal influences and political activity, or
S An authoritarian system that is largely a CP-run state but allows
some citizen participation through its official ‘mass organisations’,
or
S A system with considerable dialogue and negotiation between
components of a somewhat decentralised state and various
interests in society, including those not in official organisations.
Responsiveness
S According to how citizens have conveyed their views and
concerns to authorities
S ‘Everyday politics’: Urban residents: housing
S ‘Public contests’: collective farming & redistribution of land
S May 1997: Protests in Thai Binh  used limited force to restore
order.
S Workers’ strikes (unlawful): low wages or abusive treatment 
government repression is rare
S ‘Lawful channels’: writing petition, letters of complaints,
meetings with officials, lobbying decision-makers… (VCCI)
Repressiveness
S Repression also conforms with the interpretation that Vietnam
has an authoritarian political system that allows citizen
participation but only through official, authorised organisations
S Most repression is against people who try to disrupt social
order, weaken national security, destabilise the political
system, undermine the government, or dislodge the
Communist Party from power.
S Methods: harassment, physical violence, arrest and/or
imprisonment.
Repressiveness
S February 2001: Central Highlands protest – conflicts over
land/Evangelical religious practices  sent in military troops
and district security police units
S ‘Democracy movement’: public advocates for democratic
institutions and the protection of free speech and other human
rights
S Dozen political parties and other organisations (no legal standing)
S Newspapers, publications
S Bloc 8406: Declaration of Freedom and Democracy for Vietnam
 harassment, intimidation, occasional arrests and
imprisonments
Debates among critics
S Responsive-repressive: non-violent, peaceful struggle
S Struggle through participation and engagement with authorities
and state institutions  causes significant mutation and
conversion toward democracy over time.
S Struggle that directly confront authorities and institutions  the
state as stubbornly opposed to significant change and highly
prone to repression
S The only way for governance in Vietnam to improve is to
replace the CP government with democracy
Debates among critics
S Struggles for better living conditions and other specific issues
influence the CP government and help the country to develop.
S Democratisation movement = restore the Saigon regime?
S Critics favouring confrontational struggle stress direct
opposition to the CP and its government  little or nothing
worth saving of the present political system  should be
‘completely replaced’; ‘incapable of being renovated or
modified’
S Development cannot happen until VN has democratic
institutions/multiple parties?
Thank you for your attention!

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Governance, Development, and the Responsive-Repressive State in Vietnam

  • 1. S Governance, Development, and the Responsive-Repressive State in Vietnam Benedict J. Tria Kerkvliet Presented by Hang Nguyen
  • 2. Agenda S Context S Governance S Development S Democracy S Responsiveness S Repressiveness S Debates among critics
  • 3. Context S Good governance: appropriate public policies, authorities being accountable to the people and people being able to influence policy-makers. S Development: the improvement of citizens’ economic and social welfare. S Democracy: free and regular elections, a multiparty political system, multiple branches of government (legislative, executive and judicial), freedom of press and speech, and robust civil society organisations.
  • 4. Governance S Communist Party: S only authorised political party S dominates national and local government offices, the bureaucracy, the legal system and mass media S Official ‘mass organisations’ for workers, peasants, women and other sectors of society are closely tied to the party and its government.
  • 5. Development S Citizens’ welfare has improved considerably. S ‘Democratic institutions are not necessarily required for improvement in people’s well-being, accountability of authorities and citizens’ influence on policy-makers’. S Relationship between governing authorities and citizens.
  • 6. Responsiveness S Vietnam’s political system: S A top-down system dominated by a centralised CP-run state with no room for societal influences and political activity, or S An authoritarian system that is largely a CP-run state but allows some citizen participation through its official ‘mass organisations’, or S A system with considerable dialogue and negotiation between components of a somewhat decentralised state and various interests in society, including those not in official organisations.
  • 7. Responsiveness S According to how citizens have conveyed their views and concerns to authorities S ‘Everyday politics’: Urban residents: housing S ‘Public contests’: collective farming & redistribution of land S May 1997: Protests in Thai Binh  used limited force to restore order. S Workers’ strikes (unlawful): low wages or abusive treatment  government repression is rare S ‘Lawful channels’: writing petition, letters of complaints, meetings with officials, lobbying decision-makers… (VCCI)
  • 8. Repressiveness S Repression also conforms with the interpretation that Vietnam has an authoritarian political system that allows citizen participation but only through official, authorised organisations S Most repression is against people who try to disrupt social order, weaken national security, destabilise the political system, undermine the government, or dislodge the Communist Party from power. S Methods: harassment, physical violence, arrest and/or imprisonment.
  • 9. Repressiveness S February 2001: Central Highlands protest – conflicts over land/Evangelical religious practices  sent in military troops and district security police units S ‘Democracy movement’: public advocates for democratic institutions and the protection of free speech and other human rights S Dozen political parties and other organisations (no legal standing) S Newspapers, publications S Bloc 8406: Declaration of Freedom and Democracy for Vietnam  harassment, intimidation, occasional arrests and imprisonments
  • 10. Debates among critics S Responsive-repressive: non-violent, peaceful struggle S Struggle through participation and engagement with authorities and state institutions  causes significant mutation and conversion toward democracy over time. S Struggle that directly confront authorities and institutions  the state as stubbornly opposed to significant change and highly prone to repression S The only way for governance in Vietnam to improve is to replace the CP government with democracy
  • 11. Debates among critics S Struggles for better living conditions and other specific issues influence the CP government and help the country to develop. S Democratisation movement = restore the Saigon regime? S Critics favouring confrontational struggle stress direct opposition to the CP and its government  little or nothing worth saving of the present political system  should be ‘completely replaced’; ‘incapable of being renovated or modified’ S Development cannot happen until VN has democratic institutions/multiple parties?
  • 12. Thank you for your attention!