[Slideshare] tafaqqahu-(2015)-#6 d-responding-islamaphobia-regardg-islamic-law-(9-may-2015)

UNDERSTANDING OF THE DEEN (AL-ISLAM)
Intermediate Islamic (FIQH) course in English
Conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail
LESSON # 6 dLESSON # 6 d
Using text & curriculum he has developed especially forUsing text & curriculum he has developed especially for
Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.
““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2015))
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,
MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.
"O my Lord! Let my entry be by the Gate of
Truth and Honour, and likewise my exit by the
Gate of Truth and Honour; and grant me from
Thy Presence an authority to aid (me)”
(Qur’an: Isra’: 17: 80)
Daily application of FIQHDaily application of FIQH
CONTEMPORARY DA’WAH ISSUECONTEMPORARY DA’WAH ISSUE
RESPONDING TO ISLAMAPHOBIARESPONDING TO ISLAMAPHOBIA
[1] Marital ‘rape’ [2] ‘Barbaric’ Law [3] Female ‘discrimination’[1] Marital ‘rape’ [2] ‘Barbaric’ Law [3] Female ‘discrimination’
(a continuation)(a continuation)
Updated 9 MAY 2015
PARTPART # 2# 2
((20152015))

SHORT CLASS OPEN DISCUSSION
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,
MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.
Break into 3 groups (male), 3 group (female)
Each side, a group to choose one topic from
the 3 listed (specifically to prepare write-up):
[1] Marital ‘rape’
[2] ‘Barbaric’ law
[3] Female ‘discrimination’
 DISCUSS AND PREPARE REBUTTAL AGAINST THESE MISCONCEPTIONS
– (one topic will be chosen to be presented in class – and commented)
Guidelines:
1. Utilize your knowledge to first derive understanding of the cause of
the misconception; nature of the problem (CONTEXT)
2. Clarify with basis, the Islamic position regarding the issue discussed;
its principles, raisons d'être, wisdom etc. (MAQASID)
3. Present response from perspective of Islam providing the best
solution to current problem (MAU-IZA-TIL-HASANAH)

CHECK THE ‘FACTS-DATA’ PRESENTED
Source and veracity?
Partial or complete?
What is the context?
Consistency or with possible discrepancy
CHECK ARGUMENT USED
Fallacious arguments?
Alien standard used?
Relevance?
AN-NASEEHAH – Sincere Advice
: How to dispel misconceptions?
By correcting these
inherent flaws, the
picture will become
clearer, false
arguments refuted
and INSHA-ALLAH
the misconceptions
will be removed.

 It is important to check the ‘data’ or ‘facts’ which usually is being
presented as though representing Islam which has led to the
misconception.
 Opinions or interpretations (which they use to fault Islam) are usually
opinions, customs or practices of certain Muslims which may not
necessarily be authoritative to represent that of Islam.
 Even purported Hadith quoted sometimes may be unverified or
worst, from that which has been rejected (MAR-DUD) categories viz.
‘fabricated’ (MAUDHU’) or ‘weak’ (DHA-IF) , unknown (MAJ-HUL)etc.

 Even among difference of opinions (IKHTILAF) regarding a certain
subject amongst Islamic scholars, those who try to attack Islam would
nit-pick and select only the ‘odd’ (SHADZ) or controversial views of
past Islamic scholars which had already been criticized and refuted,
while purposely ignoring to highlight and present the conclusive
opinions already agreed to by consensus of Islamic scholars (RAJIH).

Partial or complete?
 Another deceptive method which led to misconception is when the
information or data presented is incomplete or partial – ‘cherry
picking’- which thus projected a false image of what Islam is.
 Quotations even from Qur’an sometimes are partially presented as
though that was all there is. Those who do not understand the
Qur’anic sciences (ULUM-AL-QUR’AN), usually attempt at trying to
interpret its teaching by such selective (nit-picking) hoping that
people believe their assertion – totally disregarding issue of ‘NASAKH-
MANSUKH’; ‘TAFASEER’; ‘ASBAAB-AN-NUZUL’ etc.

What is the context?
 Sometimes, a data or information or statistics etc. has been taken out
of its context, such that a selective ‘interpretation’ (different from
what it was originally meant) is then mischievously asserted.
 Although the information, example a quotation may be correct yet its
true intending meaning is purposely suppressed so that it still remains
ambiguous needing ‘interpretation’ designed to put Islam in a bad
light. Only by knowing the context of the quotation can we know what
was intended, thereby exposing the purported ‘flaw’.

Consistency or with possible discrepancy?
 Sometimes a ‘fact’ may be inconsistently applied to suit their
suggestion of defects or negativity about Islam. Whereas in other
times the same ‘fact’ has been used which suggest positivity.
Example:
“In the Qur’an, preserving life is so sacred that ‘to kill a person without justification is
like killing all mankind”
In the Qur’an Muslims are instructed to ‘kill all the unbelievers wherever they can be
found.’”

CHECK THE ARGUMENT OR REASONING USED
Fallacious arguments?
Fallacies are defined “as mistakes in
belief based on an unsound argument”.
DEFINITION:
 There are many different types of such mistakes that can occur.
The following are common types – examples of fallacies, just to
give you an idea.

Types of Fallacious arguments
 Appeal to Ignorance
 An appeal to ignorance occurs when one person
uses another person’s lack of knowledge on a
particular subject as evidence that their own
argument is correct.
Example:
“Do you know any Hadith or verses from Qur’an that contradict my
opinion on this? So far from my extensive reading and research on
Islam, I have never come across any.”

 Appeal to Authority
This type of fallacy is also referred to as argumentum ab
auctoritate (argument from authority). In this case, rather
than focusing on the merits of an argument, the arguer will
try to attach their argument to a person of authority in an
attempt to give credence to their argument.
Example :
“MUIS and the Mufti has not objected to this, so who are you to say
that this is ‘Haram’ (forbidden)?”

 Appeal to Popular Opinion
This type of appeal is when someone claims that an idea or
belief is true simply because it is what most people believe.
Example :
“Don’t be a fanatic fundamentalist ! All my Muslim friends, comrades
and colleagues are not so strict about observing Islamic rules, so why
are you Muslims now so strict?”

 Red herring fallacies
A red herring fallacy is an error in logic where a proposition is,
or is intended to be, misleading in order to make irrelevant or
false inferences. In the general case any logical inference based
on fake arguments, intended to replace the lack of real
arguments or to replace implicitly the subject of the discussion.

 Attacking the Person
One example of a ‘red herring’ type fallacy, also known as simply
‘Ad Hominem’ or Argumentum ad Hominem (argument against the
man) this is quite a common occurrence in debates and refers to a
person who substitutes a rebuttal with a personal insult.
Example :
“Although he argues his case well, but he was rude and
confrontational and projected very bad Adab.”

 Begging the Question
This type of fallacy known as ‘petitio principii ‘ is when what is
essentially the conclusion of the argument is presented as a
premise itself.
Example :
“The reason (of our policy) why female Muslim nurses must remove
their ‘Tudung’ (head scarf -Hijab) is because it is our hospital policy.”

 Circular Argument
Like “Begging the question”, this is referred to as Circulus in
Probando, this fallacy is when an argument takes its proof from a
factor within the argument itself in a round about reasoning, which
begins and ends on the same point .
Example :
Q: How do you know that your doctrine is true?
A: Because it is written in this Book! …..

 Circular Argument
Q: What makes you believe that that Book is truly from God?
A: Because I have faith in it!
Q: How do you get that faith?
A: Because I read that (same) Book!
Q: But how do you know that that Book is truly from God!?
A: Because I have faith!
Q: But how do you get that faith?
A: I read the Book!!……?

 ‘Straw man’ Argument
It is when someone presenting the other person’s view dishonestly
(in an argument) through distortion by adding untruth and lie,
suggesting it to be so in a subtle way that it resembles the view, and
then go on to demolished that implied ‘weakness’ in the other
person’s view (which he in fact had added). What he is attacking is in
fact a “straw man” which he himself had created, not the other
person’s view.

 ‘Correlation Implies Causation’ Fallacy
Otherwise known as Cum Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc, this is a
fallacy in which the person making the argument connects two
events which happen sequentially and assumes that one
caused the other.
Example:
“When the rooster crows, the sun rises. Therefore, the rooster
causes the sun to rise.”

 False Dilemma/Dichotomy
Sometimes referred to as Bifurcation, this type of fallacy
occurs when someone presents their argument in such a way
that there are only two possible options.
Example:
“If you are not supporting us, then you must be against us.”
“We are not discriminating against Muslims studying here. Parents who
wish to send their girls to our schools must have their ‘Tudung’ removed. If
they refuse they will be expelled, it is they who is depriving their child from
benefiting from our school system.”

 Non Sequitur
A fallacy wherein someone asserts a conclusion that does not
follow from the propositions.
Example:
“ I don't care what you say. We don't need any more bookshelves. As
long as the carpet is clean, we are fine.”

 Slippery Slope
Assuming that a very small action will inevitably lead to
extreme and often ludicrous outcomes.
And many more ….
Example:
“ If we allow Muslims girls to wear the ‘Tudung’ in our schools, what
else in future are they going to then request from us ? Also it will
invite other religious groups to make their demands on religious
grounds too.”

Alien standard used?
 Today, many values and standards conveniently accepted by people
(especially the liberal West and mainstream media) are assumed to be
‘universal’ and they insist must be used to judge Al-Islam.
 Whereas Islam and many traditional religions held differing values
with its own rationale, philosophy and arguments, but the humanist-
secularist blatantly ignored and suppress from the masses.
 Thus when any teachings which are opposed to their standards and
value, they will be seen as wrong or evil whereas firstly, are these
alien standards they held correct? They have to be checked first.

Relevance?
 So, we have to always be mindful of the relevance in their use of
arguments, their cherry-picking of so-called ‘facts’ of ‘evidence’ or
‘teachings’ etc.
 Sometimes these are deceptively design to deflect us from the issue at
hand. When they are unable to respond to our exposure of their
erroneous assertion, they would then try to cause confusion by
introducing irrelevant issues sometime interjected like bullets hoping
that it would silence us. So we have to be alert, sharp and patient in
exposing these – with trust in Allah SWT as our Helper and protector.

TOPIC S : GROUP ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS PRESENTATION

[Slideshare] tafaqqahu-(2015)-#6 d-responding-islamaphobia-regardg-islamic-law-(9-may-2015)

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