1. What is a Psychiatrist?
Quick jump in this section
A Psychiatrist is a medical doctor that specializes in the diagnosis,
treatment, and prevention of mental illness and substance abuse
disorders. It takes many years of education and training to become
Psychiatrist.
A Psychiatrist graduates from a college and then a medical school. After
medical school they go on to complete four years of residency training in the field of psychiatry.
Additional training is required if they go on to specialize in psychiatric fields such as, geriatric
psychiatry, adolescent psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, psychopharmacology and
psychoanalysis.
Of all the mental health practitioners in America, only Psychiatrists are fully licensed medical
doctors. Psychiatrists can prescribe medications and understand the complex relationship
between a patients physical and mental state.
Finding a Psychiatrist
Choosing a Psychiatrist is an important decision. Thus, our goal is
to assist you in making that decision.
First of all, when selecting a Psychiatrist, you may want to begin your
search several different ways:
Ask family, friends, neighbors and/or co-workers.
Contact your local Chamber of Commerce or Better Business
Bureau for reputable Psychiatrists.
Contact your city, county or state medical agencies for names of
qualified Psychiatrists.
Contact and ask for referrals from medical and Psychiatric
societies, local mental health associations, local hospitals and/or

2. medical centers.
Contact departments of psychiatry in medical schools and
national associations such as the American Psychiatric
Association. Many others are listed in this publication.
Contact your health insurance company and them for an
approved list of Psychiatrists.
We recommend that you interview the Psychiatrist and ask the following:
How long have you been in practice?
Is your staff friendly and accommodating?
What are the procedures if we need a doctor in the middle of the night or on a weekend?
Do you have an associate that covers for you when you are not available?
Do you have more than one office and if so, how is your time divided between offices?
What kind of continuing education do you utilize?
Do you accept phone calls during office hours?
How do you stay current on the latest drug prescriptions available and newest treatments?
What types of insurance coverage do you accept?
How do you handle billing? Do you require payment at the time of visit?
Do you specialize in handling certain types of problems, i.e.: Anxiety disorders/Drug Abuse,
etc.?
Discuss your family medical history and particular problems you are concerned about.
After you have consulted a few Psychiatrists you should have a good idea which one you felt
most comfortable with and who best answered your questions.
How Psychiatrists Were Selected

3. Consumers’ Research Council of America has compiled a list of Top Psychiatrists throughout the
United States by utilizing a point value system. This method uses a point value for criteria that
we deemed valuable in determining the top specialists.
The criteria that was used and assessed a point value is as follows:
Experience: Each year the Psychiatrist has been in practice
Training: Education and Continuing Education
Professional
Associations:
Membership in Professional Medical Associations
Board Certification:
Completing an approved residency program and passing a rigid
examination on that specialty
Simply put, Psychiatrists that have accumulated a certain amount of points qualified for the
list. This does not mean that Psychiatrists that did not accumulate enough points are not good
doctors, they merely did not qualify for this list because of the points needed for qualification.
Similar studies have been done with other professions using a survey system. This type of
study would ask fellow professionals who they would recommend. We found this method to be
more of a popularity contest. For instance, professionals who work in a large office have much
more of a chance of being mentioned, as opposed to a professional who has a small private
practice. In addition, many professionals have a financial arrangement for back-and-forth
referrals. For these reasons, we developed the point value system.
Since this is a subjective call, there is no study that is 100% accurate. As with any profession,
there will be some degree of variance in opinion. If you survey 100 patients from a particular
specialist on their satisfaction, you will undoubtedly hear that some are very satisfied, some
moderately satisfied and some dissatisfied. This is really quite normal.
We feel that a point value system takes out the personal and emotional factor and deals with
factual criteria. We have made certain assumptions. For example, we feel that more years in
practice is better than less years in practice; more education is better than less education,
being board certified is better than not being certified, etc.
The Top Psychiatrists list that we have compiled is current as of a certain date and other
Psychiatrists may have qualified since that date. Nonetheless, we feel that the list of Top
Psychiatrists is a good starting point for you to find a qualified specialist.

4. No fees, donations, sponsorships or advertising are accepted from any individuals,
professionals, corporations or associations. This policy is strictly adhered to,
ensuring an unbiased selection.
Mood Disorders
Over 25% of American adults will experience a mood disorder over the next
twelve months. Mental illness is among the most common healthcare
conditions in today’s society. There are many theories on causes of mental
illness but many researchers feel that serious mental illness is caused by
complex imbalances in the brain's chemistry. Environmental factors, stress,
tragic and emotional events can also play a part in mental illness.
Two of the most common mood disorders are Depression and Bipolar Disorder, also known as
Manic-Depressive Illness. Mood disorders can be treated with a high degree of success.
Depression
Depression is an uncomfortable mental state often thought of as being an extreme state of
sadness. Normal sadness is part of being human and is a typical reaction to painful and
upsetting circumstances. Depression is on a much larger scale with actual physical symptoms.
Sadness is a temporary state-of-mind that will pass. The sad person continues to cope with life
and day-to-day situations. A depressed person may feel overwhelmed and symptoms can last
for weeks, months and even years.
Almost ten percent of adults living in America will experience
depression at some point in their lives. Depression is the most
common of all mental illnesses; it affects all people regardless of
race, sex, age and income levels. It is evidenced that women are
two-to-three times more likely to suffer depression than are men.
Experts are uncertain why this is; some feel that it is more related
to physical conditions such as hormones, and others feel it is from
the pressure that women experience in our society.

5. A person who suffers from depressed mood disorders will experience many of these symptoms:
Depressed mood for a majority of the day
Fatigue, tiredness, loss of energy
Substantial weight changes, plus or minus five percent of normal body weight
Insomnia
Hypersomnia (much more sleeping than normal)
Little interest in pleasurable activities
Difficulty thinking and concentrating
Indecisiveness
Feeling of worthlessness
Excessive amount of guilt
Suicidal ideation
Significant decrease in appetite
Significant increase in appetite
Easily agitated
Decreased sexual drive
Not all of these symptoms occur in each individual that becomes depressed. For purposes of
Psychiatric treatment, a person is considered to have experienced a depressive episode if they
have experienced four or more of these symptoms for a period of two weeks or more.
Depression generally does not just "go away" and needs to treated. The most common forms of
treatment are antidepressant drugs and Psychotherapy, or a combination of both. Another form
of treatment is called Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT). This form of treatment is for extreme
cases of severe depression that do not respond to other forms of treatment. It has been
nicknamed the derogatory term "Shock Treatment". Results of this treatment are impressive,
resulting in dramatic improvement in 80 to 90 percent of patients.
Herbal therapies have become popular over the past few years. For many years in Europe they
have used an herbal supplement called "St. John’s Wort" to treat anxiety and depression. As
with many herbal products, long-term controlled trials are lacking and this herbal remedy can
not interact with certain prescription medications.

6. Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar Disorder, sometimes called Manic-Depressive Illness, is when a
person's mood swings back and forth between Depression and Mania. Bipolar
Disorder is believed to be caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. Many
experts feel that this disorder is hereditary since many people who suffer from
this malady have relatives with a similar depressive condition. The mood
swings can last days, weeks, months and even years in some cases. It is
common for symptoms to start in the late teens or early twenties.
The keys to identifying Bipolar Disorder are the mood swings and the presence of a hypomanic
or manic episode.
Listed below are some common symptoms of a manic episode:
Decreased need for sleep, Insomnia
Inflated self-esteem
Larger-than-normal ego, grandiosity
Easily distracted
Very talkative, speaking quickly
Abnormal energy
Violent behavior
Impulsive behavior
Paranoia
Disorientation, hallucinations, delusions
Heightened sexual drive
Inappropriate laughing and humor
Weight loss
Spending too much money, poor judgment
Denial that anything is wrong
A skilled Psychiatrist will conduct a medical evaluation in order to rule out any other mental or
physical disorders. Once diagnosed, a Psychiatrist can begin to treat the ailment. Over 80% of

7. patients who have been diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder can be treated effectively with
medication and psychotherapy. There are three mood stabilizers that are commonly prescribed
for bipolar disorder, which are Lithium Carbonate, Carbamazepine and Valproate.
Mood Disorder Medications
Antidepressant drugs are one of the most common treatments for Depression.
Over seventy percent of the patients treated respond to these antidepressant
drugs. Antidepressants fall into three major classes: Tricyclics, Monoamine
Oxidase Inhibitors, and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. It is common for
these medications to take two to three weeks to take effect.
Treatment with antidepressant drugs requires a process of adjustment, which means that the
patient may have to switch to another medication. In 1988 a serotonin-inhibiting drug, Prozac,
soon became the most widely used antidepressant medication. Many patients have found this
type of medication extremely effective in lifting depression. Some patients claim that it actually
increases their self-confidence, energy level and optimism.
Patients who are diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder are often prescribed Lithium Carbonate. This
medication is classified as an anti-manic drug. Lithium is a natural mineral salt, taken during
times of normal moods to delay or possibly prevent future mood swings. Patients who take
Lithium should drink 10 to 12 glasses of water each day to help prevent dehydration.
Eating Disorders
There are many different types of eating disorders that involve food, eating and
weight. Anorexia and Bulimia are some of the more common disorders that we
hear about frequently. Only about 10% of people with Anorexia or Bulimia are
male. Some people feel that this reflects the way our society puts different
expectations on females than their male counterparts. Men are supposed to be
big, strong and powerful and women are supposed to be tiny, dainty and thin. Little girls grow
up playing with Barbie* dolls and think that being tall and thin is what is required to be
beautiful and attractive.
Anorexia Nervosa

8. Anorexia is most common among teenage girls but can also affect teenage boys and adults of
both genders. People with anorexia believe that they are fat even when they are very, very
thin. They are simply obsessed with being thin and are terrified of gaining any weight. Anorexia
is viewed as only a problem with food and weight but goes deeper by using those items to deal
with emotional problems.
Warning signs of anorexia include:
Fear of gaining weight
Weight is 85% or less than it should be for age and height
Refusal to eat
Denial of hunger
Deliberate starvation
Constant exercising
Menstrual periods irregular or absent
Self perception of being fat
Dry skin
Thinning hair
Depression
Feeling cold all the time
Many people with Anorexia believe that there is nothing wrong them, which
makes treatment very difficult. Treatment generally involves much more than
just changing a person's eating habits. A person with Anorexia often needs
counseling for over a year so they can work on changing the feeling that are
causing these eating problems. Counseling would focus on their weight, self-
esteem and family problems. Medicine is prescribed when issues of depression
are evident.
Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia is a psychological eating disorder. Bulimia is best defined as episodes of binge-eating
followed by inappropriate purging methods of weight control.
These inappropriate purging methods include:
Vomiting
Enemas

9. Excessive use of laxatives
Excessive fasting
Compulsive exercising
People with Bulimia can look perfectly normal, with normal weight. It is difficult to determine if
someone suffers from bulimia because the binge eating and purging are done in private. People
who suffer from Bulimia can consume huge quantities of food. Some Bulimics will consume
15,000 to 20,000 calories of food in one sitting. The foods most common for this type of binge-
eating are smooth, sweet foods like ice cream , cake, pastries and donuts.
*Barbie is a registered trademark of Mattel, Inc.
Anxiety Disorders
Over 19 million American adults are affected by anxiety disorders. Anxiety is the fearful
anticipation of further danger or problems accompanied by an intense unpleasant feeling, with
or without physical symptoms. People that have this disorder are overwhelmed by anxiety and
fear. Everyone experiences some nervousness, such as when on a first date, speaking in front
of a group of people, or hundreds of other situations that can cause anxiety.An anxiety disorder
is when the apprehension is much more than just a temporary feeling; it is chronic, relentless
and can get progressively worse if untreated.
Some common anxiety disorders are as follows:
Panic Disorder
Panic Disorder affects over 2.5 million Americans, with women proving to be twice as
likely to suffer from this disorder than men. People that have this disorder have
feelings of terror that strike suddenly, without any warning. Sufferers don’t know
when an episode will strike and tend to worry about the next one that will occur.
Panic attacks can even happen during sleep.
Panic Disorder is commonly accompanied by other serious conditions such as drug
use, depression and alcoholism. It is a treatable disease that responds well to
medications and focused Psychotherapy.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is much more intense than the normal anxiety
experienced in day-to-day living. People that suffer with this illness worry

10. continually about possible disasters, family, work, school, health, loved ones health,
financial issues and overall safety. These stressful worries tend to be accompanied by
physical symptoms, fatigue, sweating, headaches, shaking, trembling, twitching, hot
flashes, difficulty in swallowing, lightheadedness, and overall tension.
GAD affects over 4 million people, but can be treated with medications and
Psychotherapy. Women are afflicted with this two-to-one over their male
counterparts.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a condition that follows a terrifying event,
affecting over 5 million people. Women develop PTSD more often than men and can
materialize in people at any age, even children. Day-to-day events can trigger
"flashbacks" of a bad experience. These flashbacks are triggered by an image, sound,
smell or even just a feeling.
PTSD is also accompanied frequently by depression, drug use and alcoholism. People
who develop this disorder usually show symptoms within three months of the
traumatic event. PTSD can be treated with medications and well targeted
Psychotherapy.
Phobias
A Phobia is a persistent, irrational fear of an object, activity, person or situation that
compels a person to avoid it. It causes distress and inability to function as that
person would normally. Common Phobias include fear of flying, heights, being in
closed and small spaces, water, insects, snakes and injuries that involve blood.
Phobias affect over 7% of the population. Symptoms include profuse sweating,
impaired motor skills, rapid heart rate, trembling, feeling of weakness and extreme
anxiety. Phobias are very common among children but are considered normal for that
age. Phobias range dramatically in severity, but generally can be treated with
medication and therapy.
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD)
Attention Deficit Disorder is a neurological syndrome. ADD has a subgroup which includes
hyperactivity, called ADHD. Approximately 5% of the population are affected by these

11. disorders. Boys with ADD tend to outnumber girls by a ratio of 3 to 1.
Some of the symptoms of ADD/ADHD sufferers:
Talks excessively
Often interrupts
Often loses or misplaces things
Is easily distracted
Has a hard time following instructions
Bounces from one activity to another
Has poor listening skills
Has difficulty in paying attention
Has difficulty remaining seated
Blurts out answers to questions
Cannot sit still; fidgets and squirms frequently
Is forgetful
Is unable to concentrate
Is impulsive
Has difficulty in organizing tasks
Makes careless mistakes
Has difficulty waiting in line or for their turn in a game
There are different theories on the causes of ADD/ADHD, but there has not been one
conclusively proven. The primary theory seems to be that the disorder is genetic or hereditary.
Experts feel that there is the strongest correlation with this theory as evidence supports. Other
theories are that the afflicted person had experienced head trauma either before, during or
after birth. Women that had experienced labor for over 13 hours were twice as likely to have a
child with ADD/ADHD. Other theories include food allergies and neurobiological brain
differences.
Recent studies and evidence appear to indicate that ADD/ADHD is a permanent condition,
although it is believed that some children will outgrow the hyperactivity portion of ADHD.
Untreated, the potential long-term effects are staggering, as these statistics show:
Over 75% of people with ADD get divorced

12. Over 50% stay behind a grade
Over 46% get suspended from school
Over 10% get expelled from school
Over 2 ½ million school kids have it
There are medications that have been used to treat ADHD. These medicines do not cure the
disorder, they temporarily control the symptoms. There are three medications in the class of
drugs known as stimulants that seem to be the most effective in both children and adults. They
are Ritalin, Dexedrine (or Dextrostat) and Cylert. Many people treated with these see dramatic
results quickly. These drugs improve the person's ability to focus, work and learn. These
medications may also increase the person's physical coordination, with improvements noticed
in handwriting and sports.
Ninety percent of children improve with one of the three drugs mentioned. It is generally
advised that if one doesn’t work, the others should be tried. Before your physician changes the
drug type, they will try adjusting the dosage. If your child falls into the ten percent that fail to
respond to stimulants, there are other medications that can still be effective.
Other treatments include psychotherapy. This type of therapy gives a patient a chance to
discuss different ways to handle their emotions and self-defeating behavior patterns. The
therapy's objective is to make the patient understand how they can change, some alternate
ways to handle their emotions, and to help them gain control of symptomatic behavior.
Addictions
Addiction is the constant repetition of excessive behavior where a person is unable or unwilling
to stop. Addictions can be created for any activity or behavior which allows people to escape
from life and its problems. Many people automatically think of drugs and alcohol when they
hear of addictions but they encompass many other areas of our lives. Other addictions include
shopping, spending, gambling, food, weight loss, sexual activities,pornography and sometimes
other people. People who are addicted will continue their behavioral patterns despite harmful
emotional and physical consequences. Addiction is always considered harmful.
Alcohol
It is estimated that over ten percent of the adult drinking population in America is considered
to be alcoholic, or to have experienced drinking problems to some degree. Alcohol drinking is
on the rise in our country as it is in many other countries. For unknown reasons, more males

13. are affected than females. Alcoholism is on the rise for young teenagers and women.
Alcoholism is a progressive illness that involves the excessive and inappropriate drinking of
alcoholic beverages. It is believed that alcoholism starts from a wide range of physiological and
psychological, social and genetic factors. This illness creates an emotional and often physical
dependence on alcohol that many times leads to mental and physical health problems,
including brain damage and even early death.
Drug Abuse
A psychological and sometimes physical state with a compulsion to use drugs to experience its
effects, drug addiction involves physical dependence which makes it very difficult to stop. The
process of withdrawal produces many symptoms such as profuse sweating, shaking, shivering,
vomiting, increased heart rate, difficulty in breathing, crying, yawning, anxiety and irritability.
In severe cases a person withdrawing can experience convulsions, respiratory failure and even
death.
Treatment in the therapeutic community requires a drug abuser to take full accountability and
responsibility for their problem. Whatever type of drug the user has abused, it is the goal for
the user to never use it again or substitute it for another. There are many rehabilitation
facilities available and we recommend researching to find out which one would best suit
individual needs. Some rehabilitation plans focus on helping people that have abused certain
types of drugs, while other programs are determined by the severity of the addiction. Some
rehabilitation groups meet a few times a week, and others actually house abusers for periods
ranging from six months to one year.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, commonly called "OCD", is a disorder which
causes a person to have frightening, disturbing intrusive thoughts which cause a
person to do things repeatedly. They usually perform certain rituals to guard them
against danger. OCD is an anxiety disorder which affects approximately five
million people in the United States.
Some symptoms and behavior that commonly occur with OCD:
Obsessively arranging things in an extremely orderly fashion

14. Checking things repeatedly, i.e.: locks, doors, windows
Having to do things a certain amount of times
Constant counting outwardly or in one's head while performing tasks
Repeating nonsensical words and phrases in one's mind
Collecting and saving objects with no apparent value
Abnormal fear of contamination, fearing excessively over germs and
touching normal everyday objects
Generally overwhelmed with anxiety and suffering from depression.
Researchers do not know what causes OCD but many believe that it is caused by a low level of
serotonin, a chemical in the brain. OCD is a treatable disease and responds well to proper
medications and therapy techniques.
Psychological Problems Among the Elderly
Delirium
Delirium is a state of mental confusion that develops quickly and usually fluctuates in
intensity. It is a state in which the thoughts, expressions, and actions are wild, irregular, and
incoherent. Delirium involves a rapid alternation between mental states—for example, from
lethargy to anxiety and back to lethargy—with attention disruption, disorganized thinking,
disorientation, changes in sensation and perception, and other symptoms.
These states most often result from physical or mental illness and are usually temporary and
reversible. Factors that are associated in a higher risk of delirium are alcohol dependence,
diabetes, cancer, sensory impairment (blindness or poor hearing), malnutrition, and a history
of delirium. Infections such as urinary tract infections or pneumonia may trigger delirium in
individuals with pre-existing brain damage—like prior strokes and dementia.
Depression
Depression is a biologically based brain disorder that affects one's thoughts, feelings, behavior,

15. and physical health. It is a normal emotional experience to feel sadness, grief, loss, or passing
mood states; however, depression is extreme and persistent and can interfere significantly
with an individual's ability to function. Depression is not a normal part of aging.
Depression affects more than 4.5 million of the 35 million Americans who are 65 years or older.
Most older people with depression have been suffering from episodes of the illness during
much of their lives. For others, depression has a first onset in late life, even for those in their
80s and 90s. Depression in older persons is closely associated with dependency and disability
and causes great suffering for the individual and the family.
Elderly people who are depressed are more likely to commit suicide. The risk of suicide is a
serious concern among elderly patients with depression. Elderly white men are at greatest risk,
with suicide rates in people ages 80 to 84 more than twice that of the general population.
Dementia
Dementia is not a specific disease. It is a term for a collection of symptoms that can be caused
by a number of disorders that affect the brain. Some of the diseases that can cause symptoms
of dementia are Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, Huntington’s
disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. People with dementia have significantly impaired
intellectual functioning that interferes with normal activities and relationships. They also lose
their ability to solve problems and maintain emotional control, and they may experience
personality changes and behavioral problems, such as agitation, delusions, and hallucinations.
While memory loss is a common symptom of dementia, memory loss by itself does not mean
that a person has dementia. The severity of dementia depends on the number and location of
brain cells that are damaged or destroyed.
The frequency of dementia increases with rising age from less than 2 % for the 65-69-year-
olds, to 5 % for the 75-79 year-olds and to more than 20 % for the 85-89 year-olds. And over
30% of people who are 90 years of old suffer from moderate or severe dementia.
There are many disorders that can cause dementia. Some, such as Alzheimer’s disease or
Huntington’s disease, lead to a progressive loss of mental functions. But other types of
dementia can be stopped or reversed with treatment. People with moderate or advanced
dementia typically need round-the-clock care and supervision to prevent them from harming
themselves or others. They also may need assistance with daily activities such as eating,
bathing, and dressing.
All About Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that attacks the brain and

16. results in impaired memory, thinking and behavior. It is the most common form of mental
decline, or dementia, in older adults. Alzheimer’s disease is more severe than the mild memory
loss that many people experience, as they grow older. Alzheimer's disease also affects
behavior, personality, the ability to think clearly, and the ability to carry out daily activities.
Close family members usually notice symptoms first, although the person affected also may
realize that something is wrong.
Alzheimer’s disease is the fourth leading cause of death in adults after heart disease, cancer,
and stroke. An estimated 4.5 million Americans have Alzheimer’s disease. The number of
people with Alzheimer’s disease has doubled since 1980 and will continue to grow. By 2050,
the number of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease could reach 16 million people. Men and
women are affected equally. Rate of progression varies from person to person. The average
survival time is eight years, but could range between 3 to 20 years
There is no signal test to identify and diagnose Alzheimer’s disease. A comprehensive
evaluation is needed: complete health history; physical examination; neurological & mental
status assessments; medical tests and procedures such as x-rays, EKG, CT scan, etc.
Conformation of Alzheimer’s disease requires an examination of brain tissue during an autopsy.
Risk factors
Though we do not yet fully understand what causes Alzheimer’s disease, there probably is not
one single cause, but several factors that affect each person differently. Age is the most
important known risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. The number of people with the disease
doubles every 5 years beyond age 65.
Regarding heredity, your risk of developing Alzheimer's appears to be slightly higher if an
immediate family member has had the disease. Head injuries are another possible cause of
Alzheimer’s disease. Boxers, football players, or people in general who are involved in physical
activities that require a lot of head-pounding are a lot more likely to develop Alzheimer’s
disease.
How to prevent Alzheimer’s disease
There's no way to completely prevent the onset of Alzheimer's disease, but there are some
ways to reduce the risk.
They include:
Mental fitness
Maintaining mental fitness may delay onset of dementia. Lifelong mental exercise and
learning may promote the growth of additional synapse—the connections between
neurons—and delay the onset of dementia. Exercising the brain can help prevent the
disease. Being involved in cognitively stimulating activities—like crosswords puzzles—
will help prevent Alzheimer’s disease.

17. Exercise and Eat Right
Some research indicates that taking steps to improve your cardiovascular health, such
as losing weight, exercising and controlling high blood pressure and cholesterol, may
also help prevent Alzheimer's disease. Some studies have also suggested that eating a
low-fat diet, as well as consuming foods rich in omega-3 fatty acid, such as fatty fish,
may be helpful. Also, eating foods rich in antioxidants, such as blueberries, help
prevent the disease.
Treatment
Cholinesterase inhibitors increase the level of a brain chemical called acetylcholine.
People with Alzheimer's disease have decreased brain levels of this neurotransmitter.
Increasing the amount of acetylcholine appears to slow mental decline in people with
Alzheimer's disease. These medications help the brain cells work better, but they
cannot reverse the destruction of brain cells. They do not prevent the disease from
getting worse but may slow the progression of symptoms.
Memantine, a FDA approved drug that is prescribed for moderate to severe
Alzheimer’s, protects the brain’s nerve cells against glutamate, which is released in
excess amounts by cells damaged by Alzheimer’s disease. Glutamate over-stimulates
the NMDA receptors and contributes to neurodegenerative disorders. Memantine
blocks glutamate by filling the NMDA receptor sites.
Coping With Loss
We all know that death is a part of life. Death gives meaning to our existence because it
reminds us how precious life is. The loss of a loved one is life’s most stressful event and can
cause a major emotional crisis. After the death of someone you love, you experience
bereavement.
When a death takes place, you may experience a wide range of emotions, even if the death was
expected. Many people report feeling an initial stage of numbness after first learning of a
death, however, there is no real order to the grieving process.
Some emotions that one may experience:
Disbelief
Denial
Confusion

18. Sadness
Anger
Humiliation
Despair
Guilt
These feelings are normal and common reactions to loss. Some people may not be prepared for
the intensity and duration of your emotions or how fast your moods can change. You may even
begin to doubt the stability of your mental health. These feelings are healthy and appropriate
and will help you come to terms with your loss. It takes time to fully absorb the impact of a
major loss. You will never stop missing your loved one, but the pain eases after time and allows
you to go on with your life.
Here are five ways to cope with loss:
1. Talk about your loss and express your feelings
Your ability to openly talk about your thoughts and feelings with someone you trust
will decrease the chance of your emotions becoming bottled up and showing up in
inappropriate and potentially destructive ways. For some people, keeping a personal
journal nearby can give you an opportunity to write your thoughts and feelings down
when you are alone or if you don't feel like talking. Journaling also allows you to
monitor your progress during the recovery process.
2. Stay connected to those who can offer their love and support
When feeling overwhelmed by emotional pain it can be tempting to withdraw from the
people and activities that are normally a part of your life. During times of grief, it is
more important than ever to maintain contact with friends and family. Knowing that
you are not alone in your grief and receiving comfort and support from those you are
closest to can be significant sources of encouragement during difficult times.
3. Avoid masking the pain
In an attempt to escape the pain of loss, many people turn to unhealthy and potentially destructive
behaviors—Drugs, alcohol, over eating, excessive hours spent at work. These are all common ways in
which people attempt to cover up their emotional pain. Remember, emotions that are masked or
hidden never die. Dealing with your pain up front, and in healthy ways, will likely spare you from
having to face an even greater depth of heartache down the road.
4. Take care of yourself physically

19. One of the most beneficial things you can do for yourself during your time of grief is to
not neglect your physical well-being. Getting plenty of rest, eating a healthy diet and
staying physically active will help provide you with greater emotional and
psychological strength.
5. Be willing to ask for help
You may find that the depth and duration of your pain is getting in the way of your
ability to effectively function on a day-to-day basis. When this happens it can be very
beneficial to seek help from a psychiatrist or therapist.
Remember, with support, patience and effort, you will cope with a loss. Someday the
pain will lessen, leaving you with memories of your loved one.
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