3. Look these Sights up Online
Explain & find at least one fact about the famous structure
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The Cloaca Maxima
The Pantheon
Flavian Amphitheatre – Colosseum
Circus Maximus
Aqueducts
The Appian Way – Via Appia
Roman Baths
The Forum
3
22. Roman Society &
The End of the Republic
PART 1 --- # 32
- Government of the Republic
- Roman Society
- Civil Wars
- Julius Caesar
Roman Republic : 509 – 27 BCE
22
23. Gaius Julius Caesar
• Gaius – Name
• Julius – Clan Name
groups of families with a:
Common Mythological Ancestor
• Caesar – Family Name
The Individual wasn’t important
- Family / Clan / State : That was Important
23
24. Patricians vs. Plebeians
-Plebeians have no say in the
government
- Eventually get to elect their
own officials called tribunes
in 494 B.C.
- For 84 years, (421-337 B.C.)
plebeians fought to have a
role in each part of the
government
24
25. The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
Providing political and social
rights for the plebeians. – hung in the Forum
26. Social Structures
-A man was the head of the household and his wife
and children did not question his authority
- Paterfamilias: Family Father
-Over centuries, women received more rights.
These included:
-Owning property
-Running businesses
-All children were taught to learn to read and write
-Wealthy had private tutors for their children
26
27. Economics
-Conquests brought much wealth to Rome
-Wealthy families bought huge estates called latifundia.
-Romans forced the people they conquered to work as
slaves on the latifundia
-Slave labor hurt the small farmers because it cost them
more to produce food, and the price was driven down by
the immense quantities coming into Rome
-Farmers fell into debt, sold their land, and moved to the
city looking for work
-gap between rich and poor widens=riots and chaos
27
28. The Gracchus Brothers
-Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
elected tribunes
•They also worked to
get the state to buy
grain to feed the poor
•The brothers worked to
get the state to
distribute the land to the
poor farmers
•Senate felt they were a
threat to its power, and
hired thugs to kill them
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29. Military Reformer
Gaius Marius
•
recruited an army
from the poor
and homeless
•
professional
standing army
•
He is eventually
defeated-exciled
– Caesar learns
30. Republic to Empire
-Civil wars break out to decide who should hold power.
The senate wanted to keep the status quo; political
leaders wanted to weaken the senate and enact reforms
-Slave uprisings throughout the republic “Spartacus”
-Armies became loyal to their commanders because they
gave them benefits such as captured land / Paid them
Personally - Caesar
30
37. The Pax Romana
“Roman Peace”
27 BCE – 180 AD
PART 2
- Period of Unprecedented Stability & Prosperity
- Initiated by Octavian (Caesar Augustus)
- The Principate
- Princips “First among Equals”
- “I found Rome Brick & I turned it Marble”
37
43. To commemorate the birth of Augustus (63 BCE) two thousand
years earlier(1937), Mussolini commissioned a model of Rome as
it appeared at the time of Constantine (AD 306-337)
43
44. The Rise of Christianity
PART 3
•Jesus / St. Paul
44
56. The Later Roman Empire
PART 4
The Fall of Rome & The Legacy of Rome
56
57. Reasons for the Fall of Rome
1. War with the Germanic Tribes & Huns
- Germans were pushed by the Huns
- the still glowing splendor of Rome
Maximus “Rome is the Light, the rest of the
World is Darkness”
2. Internal Strife in Rome
- civil war / unstable & poor leadership(corruption)
3. Loss of Moral Standards & Virtues
- Commodus
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62. Battle of Chalons – 451 AD
• Combined Roman and
Visogoth armies defeat
Attila the Hun
• Attila Presses on toward
Rome itself
• Only knowledge of the
Plague in Rome
prevented him from
destroying the city
62
63. Western Rome Falls to the
“Barbarians” in 476 AD
• Odoacer (Ostrogoth)
overthrew the Emperor
Romulus Augustulas
• The Western Empire
was over
• The Eastern Empire will
live on for another
1,000 years
(Byzantine)
Constantinople
63
64. The Legacy of Rome
Life of Brian – 1:30
Republic Government
Roman Law – Rule of Law
Latin Language – Romance Languages
Roman Catholic Church – Preserving &
Spreading Christianity
City Planning & Road Building
Romanesque Architectural Style
Roman Engineering & Building
• Aqueducts / Sewage systems
• Dams / Cement / Bridges / Arch
65. Gladiator plays off Old & New
Rome
Republican Virtues (Maximus)
Rome in the Empire (Commodus)
65
66. Typical Roman virtues shown by
Maximus
1.Farmer / Soldier --- like Cincinnatus
2.Simplistic Living – “Spartan Lifestyle”
3.Religious Devotion
4.Obedience
These are prized virtues during the Republic
Period
66
67. Gladiator
Setting – 180 AD – Final Year of the Pax Romana
Main Characters______________
Maximus
Marcus Aurelius
Commodus
_General_________Emperor_________Emperor___
“Cincinnatus”
Died of the
Fought in the
Virtues
Plague
arena(sand)
Gladiatorial Competitions go back to the Etruscans
- 264 BCE was the first recorded - Commodus
Fought in the Colosseum over 700 times(never lost)
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