A and P II

1. Human Anatomy and Physiology
II
Eastern WV
Chapter 1
Section 1.1

2. 1.1 Form and Function of Anatomy &
Physiology
• Anatomy
– Study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one
another
• Physiology
– Study of the function of body parts; how they work to carry out life-
sustaining activities

3. Topics of Anatomy
• Subdivisions of anatomy:
– Gross or macroscopic anatomy is the study of large, visible
structures
• Regional anatomy looks at all structures in a particular area of the body
• System anatomy looks at just one system (cardiovascular, nervous,
muscular, etc.)
• Surface anatomy looks at internal structures as they relate to overlying skin
(visible muscle masses or veins seen on surface)

4. Topics of Anatomy (cont.)
• Subdivisions (cont.)
– Microscopic anatomy deals with structures too small to be seen
by naked eye
• Cytology: microscopic study of cells
• Histology: microscopic study of tissues
– Developmental anatomy studies anatomical and physiological
development throughout life
• Embryology: study of developments before birth
• To study anatomy, one must know anatomical terminology and
be able to observe, manipulate, palpate, and auscultate
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

5. Topics of Physiology
• Subdivisions of physiology
– Based on organ systems (e.g., renal or cardiovascular physiology)
– Often focuses on cellular and molecular levels of the body
• Looks at how the body’s abilities are dependent on chemical reactions in
individual cells
• To study physiology, one must understand basic physical
principles (e.g., electrical currents, pressure, and movement) as
well as basic chemical principles
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

6. Complementarity of Structure and Function
• Anatomy and physiology are inseparable
– Function always reflects structure
– What a structure can do depends on its specific form
– Known as the principle of complementarity of structure and
function
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.