AGBU Overview of Higher Education Governance

OVERVIEW OF HIGHER
EDUCATION GOVERNANCE

© 2014 ASSOCIATION OF GOVERNING BOARDS OF UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES
1133 20TH STREET, N.W., SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20036 | WWW.AGB.ORG

2

TYPES OF INSTITUTIONS

2

3

PUBLIC VS. INDEPENDENT


4

ENROLLMENT
9,000,000(
8,000,000(
7,000,000(

8,047,729(
7,062,467(

6,000,000(
5,000,000(

4=year(

3,887,322(

4,000,000(

2=year(

3,000,000(

1,559,080(

2,000,000(
1,000,000(

39,864(

0(

Public(

Private(nonproﬁt(

397,651(
Private(for=proﬁt(


5

FUNDING AND REGULATION
! The federal government provides funding to
!
!
!

higher education but has little control (for
now).
Educational standards are voluntary, but
occasionally regulated through NGOs.
For public universities and colleges, states
have the most influence regarding policy,
oversight, and funding.
Revenue streams are diversified.

5

6

HIGHER EDUCATION GOVERNING
BODIES
! Boards of Trustees/Regents
! University Councils
! Faculty Senates
! University Assemblies
! Administrative Councils


7

WHAT EFFECTIVE U.S.
GOVERNING BOARDS DO
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 

Ensure the mission is
current (and aligned w/
public purposes)
Select the president
Work with and assess the
president
Approve the strategic plan
and monitor progress
Ensure fiscal integrity and
support the college
Ensure academic quality
and integrity

7. 

Protect and preserve
academic freedom and
institutional autonomy
8.  Ensure policies are
current and implemented
9.  Appropriately engage
relevant constituencies
10. Act in a transparent,
ethical manner and
assess own performance


8

PRINCIPLES OF U.S. BOARD WORK
!
!
!
!
!

Authority lies in the corporate body.
Presidents and boards have both independent and
shared responsibilities.
There should be clear lines of responsibility and
communication.
There should be shared commitment with
administrators and faculty for the good of the
institution.
Board operates in a culture of cohesiveness,
candor and transparency
8

9

AVERAGE BOARD SIZE
35#
29#

30#
25#
20#
15#

12#

10#
5#
0#

Public#

Privates#

9

10

GENDER OF BOARD MEMBERS
Private Institutions

Public Institutions

30%

28%
Male
Female
70%

Male
Female
72%


11

RACE AND ETHNICITY OF BOARD MEMBERS
Independent Institutions
0.40%

0.70%
7%

2% 2%

African American
Hispanic
Asian and Pacific
Islander
White

88%

American Indian
and Alaska Native
Other Races


12

RACE AND ETHNICITY OF BOARD MEMBERS
Public Institutions
0.40%
0.70%

3%

African American
16%

Hispanic
4%

74%

2%

Asian and Pacific
Islander
White
American Indian and
Alaskan Native
Other Races
Ethnicity Unknown


13

AGE OF BOARD MEMBERS

17%

83%

Public Institutions

19%

Under 50
50 and
Older

81%

Under 50
50 and
Oder

69% of trustees are 50-69 years old at both private and public institutions


14

MOST COMMON BOARD
COMMITTEES
Audit

Private institutions have
an average of 8 standing
committees.

65%

Academic Affairs

79%

Executive

82%

Governance

84%

Development


89%

Finance

95%
0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%


15

MOST COMMON BOARD
COMMITTEES
Facilities

Public boards have an
average of 5 standing
committees

35%
40%

Education

43%

Executive
Academic Affairs

Public Institutions

52%
55%

Audit
Finance

89%
0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%


16

AVERAGE NUMBER OF TRUSTEES
EMERITI BY INSTITUTION TYPE
25

Average number of private
trustees emeriti is 10. The
average number of trustees
emeriti at public institutions
is 6, although most do not
have emeriti members.

21

20
13

15

9

10
5

2

4


0


17

PERCENTAGE OF INSTITUTIONS THAT
OFFER TRUSTEES EMERITI STATUS AFTER
THEIR RETIREMENT FROM THE BOARD
70%

The average number of trustees
emeriti at public institutions is 6,
although most do not have emeriti
members.

66%

60%
50%

44%

40%
30%
20%

22%

18%

14%
8%

10%

1%

0%
Do Not
Offer to
Anyone

Offer to a
Few

Offer to
Half

12% 13%

Public Institutions

3%

Offer to Offer to All
Most


18

MEMBERSHIP: WHO SERVES
!
!
!
!
!

Members of the Community
Faculty
Administrators
Government Officials
Owners/Shareholders (for-profit institutions
only)


19

Presidents)on)the)the)Boards)of)Private)Ins1tu1ons)

23%$
Boards$with$Presidents$as$
Vo5ng$Members$
53%$
24%$

Boards$with$Presidents$as$
Non;Vo5ng$Members$
Boards$without$Presidents$
as$Members$

19

20

Students(on(the(Boards(of(Private(Ins3tu3ons(
9%#
13%#

Boards#with#Students#as#
Vo7ng#Members#
Boards#with#Students#as#
Non=Vo7ng#Members#
Boards#without#Students#
as#Members#

78%#

20

21

Faculty(on(the(Boards(of(Private(Ins6tu6ons(

15%$

14%$

71%$

Boards$with$Faculty$as$
Vo7ng$Members$
Boards$with$Faculty$as$
Non?Vo7ng$Members$
Boards$without$Faculty$as$
Members$

21

22

Staff%Members%on%the%Boards%of%Private%Ins6tu6ons%

20%$

Boards$with$Staff$
Members$as$Vo9ng$
Members$

15%$
65%$

Boards$with$Staff$
Members$as$Non=Vo9ng$
Members$
Boards$without$Staff$
Members$as$Members$

22

23

Presidents on the Boards of Public Institutions
6%

21%

Boards with Presidents
as Voting Members
Boards with Presidents
as Non-Voting Members
Boards without
Presidents as Members

73%

23

24

Students on the Boards of Public Institutions

22%

50%

Boards with Students as
Voting Members
Boards with Students as
Non-Voting Members
Boards without Students
as Members

28%

24

25

Faculty on the Boards of Public Institutions

13%

10%

Boards with Faculty as
Voting Members
Boards with Faculty as
Non-Voting Members
Boards without Faculty
as Members

77%

25

26

Staff Members on the Boards of Public
Institutions
7%

4%
Boards with Staff
Members as Voting
Members
Boards with Staff
Members as Non-Voting
Members
Boards without Staff
Members as Members

89%

26

27

EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF BOARD
MEMBERS
90%
80%

81%

82%

70%
60%
50%

Public Institutions

40%


30%

19%

20%

18%

10%
0%
Part of the Workforce

Retired


28

PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BOARD MEMBER
EMPLOYMENT BACKGROUNDS
60%
50%

53%
49%

40%
30%
20%
10%

24%

22%

Public Institutions

16%
13%
9%


11%
2% 1%

0%


29

SOURCES OF SELECTION OF BOARD
MEMBERS OF PUBLIC
INSTITUTIONS
At$private$ins:tu:ons,$each$
ins:tu:on$has$discre:on$over$its$
own$appointment$process.$

5%$

15%$
Gov$w/Legis$conﬁrm$

3%$

Gov$$
Legisla:ve$appt$

17%$

60%$

Elec:on$
Other$$


30

AVERAGE TERM OF SERVICE
Privates
Publics
! Length of Terms: 4 ! Length of Terms: 6
years
years
! Term Limits: 64% ! Term Limits: 48%
! Number of terms
! Number of terms
consecutive: 3
consecutive: 2


31

CHAIR OF THE BOARD
Who
! CEO of institution
! Member of state
government
! Unaffiliated person

Appointment
! Part of job
! Government role
! Internal
appointment
! External
government
appointment


32

BOARD CHAIRS
Private Board Chairs: 70% elected by full
board
Public Board Chairs: 91% elected by full
board

!
!

Board Chair Length of Service: 79% set
limits (91% at 2 years)
Chair term limits: 50%

!
!
!

Number of terms consecutive: 3

32

33

FREQUENCY OF MEETINGS
!
!
!
!

Weekly/bi-weekly
Monthly/Bi-monthly
3-4 times per annum
Annually/bi-annually


34

AVERAGE NUMBER OF BOARD
MEETINGS PER YEAR
Publics"

Privates"

7"

4"

Mee&ngs"


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