Contenu connexe Similaire à 量的データの分析・報告で気をつけたいこと (13) 量的データの分析・報告で気をつけたいこと21. おすすめ
• R の "rpsychi" パッケージ
http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rpsychi/
index.html
• 作成者:奥村泰之先生(医療経済研究機構)
http://blue.zero.jp/yokumura/
• 論文に公開されている情報から検定を行い,
効果量と信頼区間も求める。検定力分析や
メタ分析に活用できる。
33. M = 30
SD = 10
2/10 = 0.2
M = 32
SD = 10
d = 0.2
(効果量小)
34. M = 30
SD = 10
5/10 = 0.5
M = 35
SD = 10
d = 0.5
(効果量中)
35. M = 30
SD = 10
8/10 = 0.8
M = 38
SD = 10
d = 0.8
(効果量大)
36. Oswald and Plonsky (2010)
•
• d = 0.70, medium effect
d = 1.00, large effect
•
d = 0.40, small effect
37. 効果量の統合=メタ分析
Study
Effect Size [95%CI]
Study01
Study02
Study03
Study04
Study05
Study06
Study07
Study08
Study09
Study10
Study11
Study12
Study13
Study14
Study15
Study16
Study17
Study18
Study19
Study20
Study21
Study22
Study23
Study24
Study25
Study26
Study27
Study28
Study29
Study30
Study31
Study32
Study33
Study34
Study35
Study36
Study37
Study38
Study39
Study40
Study41
Study42
Study43
Study44
Study45
Study46
Study47
Study48
Study49
Study50
Study51
Study52
Study53
Study54
Study55
Study56
Study57
Study58
Study59
Study60
Study61
Study62
Study63
1.41
4.12
0.34
0.66
0.33
0.35
0.51
0.00
0.37
3.89
2.65
2.14
0.40
-0.15
0.18
0.55
1.18
0.58
1.49
0.80
-0.11
0.43
-0.01
0.16
0.42
0.65
0.60
1.26
0.50
0.21
0.23
1.96
0.20
0.33
0.62
0.45
0.05
0.14
0.65
0.44
1.14
1.52
0.37
0.55
1.43
0.91
1.49
1.10
1.42
1.23
1.09
2.23
0.08
0.44
0.41
0.95
1.69
1.37
0.69
0.66
0.18
-0.09
1.03
RE Model
-2.00
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
0.85
3.23
-0.24
0.06
0.02
0.04
-0.11
-0.60
-0.35
2.11
1.21
-0.32
-0.13
-0.67
-0.26
0.10
0.46
-0.10
0.74
0.10
-0.69
-0.16
-0.59
-0.42
-0.13
0.06
0.19
0.83
0.10
-0.19
-0.17
1.31
-0.24
-0.12
0.17
-0.01
-0.39
-0.30
0.21
-0.02
0.75
1.11
0.00
0.19
0.63
0.54
0.98
0.61
0.88
0.89
0.76
1.84
-0.27
0.08
0.05
0.48
1.32
1.01
0.23
0.31
-0.34
-0.56
0.66
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
1.98
5.01
0.91
1.25
0.64
0.65
1.12
0.60
1.10
5.67
4.08
4.60
0.93
0.38
0.62
0.99
1.89
1.27
2.24
1.50
0.47
1.02
0.57
0.74
0.97
1.24
1.01
1.70
0.90
0.61
0.63
2.61
0.64
0.77
1.07
0.91
0.49
0.59
1.10
0.90
1.54
1.93
0.74
0.91
2.23
1.28
2.01
1.59
1.96
1.56
1.42
2.62
0.44
0.80
0.77
1.42
2.06
1.73
1.16
1.01
0.71
0.38
1.39
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
0.76 [ 0.59 , 0.93 ]
0.00
2.00
Standardized Mean Difference
4.00
6.00
42. d = 0.5 なのに有意差なし?
•
シミュレーション
- 1つのグループに32名(計64名)
- d は 0.5(効果量中)
- p < .05 となったのは50%程度
→ 検定力(power)が足りない
57. これからの考え方
Study
Effect Size [95%CI]
Study01
Study02
Study03
Study04
Study05
Study06
Study07
Study08
Study09
Study10
Study11
Study12
Study13
Study14
Study15
Study16
Study17
Study18
Study19
Study20
Study21
Study22
Study23
Study24
Study25
Study26
Study27
Study28
Study29
Study30
Study31
Study32
Study33
Study34
Study35
Study36
Study37
Study38
Study39
Study40
Study41
Study42
Study43
Study44
Study45
Study46
Study47
Study48
Study49
Study50
Study51
Study52
Study53
Study54
Study55
Study56
Study57
Study58
Study59
Study60
Study61
Study62
Study63
1.41
4.12
0.34
0.66
0.33
0.35
0.51
0.00
0.37
3.89
2.65
2.14
0.40
-0.15
0.18
0.55
1.18
0.58
1.49
0.80
-0.11
0.43
-0.01
0.16
0.42
0.65
0.60
1.26
0.50
0.21
0.23
1.96
0.20
0.33
0.62
0.45
0.05
0.14
0.65
0.44
1.14
1.52
0.37
0.55
1.43
0.91
1.49
1.10
1.42
1.23
1.09
2.23
0.08
0.44
0.41
0.95
1.69
1.37
0.69
0.66
0.18
-0.09
1.03
RE Model
-2.00
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
0.85
3.23
-0.24
0.06
0.02
0.04
-0.11
-0.60
-0.35
2.11
1.21
-0.32
-0.13
-0.67
-0.26
0.10
0.46
-0.10
0.74
0.10
-0.69
-0.16
-0.59
-0.42
-0.13
0.06
0.19
0.83
0.10
-0.19
-0.17
1.31
-0.24
-0.12
0.17
-0.01
-0.39
-0.30
0.21
-0.02
0.75
1.11
0.00
0.19
0.63
0.54
0.98
0.61
0.88
0.89
0.76
1.84
-0.27
0.08
0.05
0.48
1.32
1.01
0.23
0.31
-0.34
-0.56
0.66
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
1.98
5.01
0.91
1.25
0.64
0.65
1.12
0.60
1.10
5.67
4.08
4.60
0.93
0.38
0.62
0.99
1.89
1.27
2.24
1.50
0.47
1.02
0.57
0.74
0.97
1.24
1.01
1.70
0.90
0.61
0.63
2.61
0.64
0.77
1.07
0.91
0.49
0.59
1.10
0.90
1.54
1.93
0.74
0.91
2.23
1.28
2.01
1.59
1.96
1.56
1.42
2.62
0.44
0.80
0.77
1.42
2.06
1.73
1.16
1.01
0.71
0.38
1.39
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
0.76 [ 0.59 , 0.93 ]
0.00
2.00
Standardized Mean Difference
4.00
6.00
58. 70
65
差のCI
55
5
50
差のCI
0
n = 20 n = 20
1
2
Comparison 1
40
45
Mean
55
50
0
45
5
40
Mean
d = 0.5
p < .001
60
d = 0.5
p = .12
60
65
70
エラーバーは95%CI
n = 200 n = 200
1
2
Comparison 2
63. Precision Analysis(正確度分析)
AIPE: accuracy in parameter estimation
• 検定力分析の信頼区間バージョン。
• 信頼区間の幅を先に決めておいて,
サンプルサイズ設計を行う。
• RのMBESSパッケージ
http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MBESS/
http://www3.nd.edu/~kkelley/site/MBESS.html
72. サンプルをまねる
not italicized & w/o period
italicize & capitalize
Table 3.5 (p. 23) in Nicol, A. A. M., & Pexman, P. M. (2010) Presenting your findings: A practical guide for creating
tables (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
73. サンプルをまねる
Table 4.1 (p. 30) in Nicol, A. A. M., & Pexman, P. M. (2010) Presenting your findings: A practical guide for creating
tables (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
74. サンプルをまねる
Table 7.2 (p. 43) in Nicol, A. A. M., & Pexman, P. M. (2010) Presenting your findings: A practical guide for creating
tables (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
79. サンプルをまねる
Figure 2.4 (p. 19) in Nicol, A. A. M., & Pexman, P. M. (2010) Displaying your findings: A practical guide for
creating figures, posters, and presentations (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.