3. Nutrients
• Elements necessary for body processes &
function
• 6 Categories
• Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Water,
Vitamins, Minerals
4. Function of Nutrients
• Help to regulate body process (blood
pressure, energy production, temperature)
• Help to provide structure to bone,
muscles, and other cells.
• Micronutrients supply energy to power
muscles contractions and cellular function.
5. Calorie
• Calorie a unit of measure that indicates
the amount of energy obtained from a
particular food
6. Basal metabolic rate (BMR)Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
• Basal metabolic rate (BMR)-Energy
needed to maintain life sustaining
( Breathing, circulation, temperature, heart
rate)
• Basal Metabolic Rate (this is how many
calories you’d use if you spent the whole
day lying in bed…)
7. Basal metabolic rate (BMR)Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
• Adult women:
655 + (4.3 x weight in pounds) + (4.7 x height in
inches) – (4.7 x age in years)
OR
655 + (9.6 x weight in kg) + (1.8 x height in cm)
– (4.7 x age in yrs)
• Adult men:
66 + (6.3 x weight in pounds) + (12.9 x height in
inches) – (6.8 x age in years)
OR
66 + (13.7 x weight in kg) + (5.0 x height in cm)
– (6.8 x age in yrs)
8. Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)-
• Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)-
measurement that accounts for BMR plus
energy needed to digest food & perform
mild activity. Accounts for 60-70% of our
daily needs
9. Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)-
• Sedentary (no exercise, sit at a desk most of
the day): BMR x 120 percent (ie. an extra 20%
on top of the BMR)
• Light Activity (no exercise, on feet during the
day, eg. shop work): BMR x 130 percent
• Moderately Active (exercise 3 or more days a
week for 30 minutes or more): BMR x 140
percent
• Highly Active (exercise 5 or more days a week
for 30 minutes or more): BMR x 150 percent
10. Metabolism
• Refers to all biochemical and physiologic process
by which the body grows and maintain it self
• . Metabolism – process of using food molecules as
energy sources and as building blocks for our own
molecules
11. ASSESSMENT
• Usual eating patterns & habits
• 24 hour food recall
• Allergies & intolerances
• Food frequency record
• Brief personal & family history
• Height/weight
• Ideal body weight
• Social, economic, ethnic, religious factors
• Other risk factors for altered nutrition
12. Factors affecting Nutrition's
• Development
• Gender
• Ethnicity and Culture
• Beliefs about food
• Personal preferences
• Religious practice
• Life style
• Economics
14. RISK FACTORS FOR
NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS
• Diet history
– Chewing or swallowing difficulties
– Inadequate food intake
– Restricted or fad diets
– No intake for 10 or more days
– Inadequate food budget
– Inadequate food preparation facilities
– Physical disabilities
15. RISK FACTORS FOR
NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS
• Medical history
– Un intentional wt loss or gain of 10% within 6
months
– Oral or GI surgery
– Dental problems
– GI problems
– Chronic illness
– Alcohol or substance abuse
– Neurologic or cognitive impairment
16.
17. BMI: Body Mass Index
• BMI is a tool for
indicating weight
status.
• It is a number that
shows body weight
adjusted for height.
18. Calculating BMI
• BMI can be calculated
with simple math or
by charting height and
weight.
BMI
19. On the BMI Chart
• Find your height
• Find your weight
• Your BMI is the point on the graph where your
height and weight meet.
23. • For example, a person who weighs 220 pounds
and is 6 feet 3 inches tall has a BMI of 27.5.
( ) ( )
5.27703
inches75inches75
lbs220
=×
×
24. Categories of BMI for Adults Age
20 or Over
BMI Weight Status
Below 18.5 Underweight
18.5 – 24.9 Normal
25.0 – 29.9 Overweight
30.0 and Above Obese
25. • BMI is only one of many factors used to
predict risk for disease.
• It is important to remember that weight is
only one factor related to disease.
26. BMI is the not the only indicator for
health risk
• Other Factors That Are Important When
Calculating Health Risk Include:
• Diet
• Physical Activity
• Waist Circumference
• Blood Pressure
• Blood Sugar Level
• Cholesterol Level
• Family History of disease
27. Daily calorie intake for men and
women
• 2500 calories a day for men
• 2000 calories a day for women (2,500 in
pregnancy)
• 1800 calories a day for children aged 5-10
28. Nursing diagnosisNursing diagnosis
• Altered nutrition: Less than body
requirements is the state in which
the intake of one or more nutrients
required to meet metabolic needs is
insufficient.
29. Nursing diagnosisNursing diagnosis
• Altered nutrition: More than body
requirements is the condition in
which calorie intake exceeds
metabolic need.
30. Nursing diagnosisNursing diagnosis
• Altered nutrition: Risk for more
than body requirements is the state
in which a person at risk of
consuming nutrients in excess of
metabolic needs.
32. References
• Crisp ,Jackie, Potter & Perry's (2003),
Fundamentals of Nursing: (Australian ed).
Mosby.
• Carpentio, J, L.(2002), Nursing Diagnosis:
Application to Clinical Practice (9th ed).
Lippioncott.
• Kozier, Barbara, et al. (2004) Assessing,
Fundamentals of Nursing: concepts,
process and practice, 2nd ed .
Notes de l'éditeur
vital
performing an essential function in the living body
Sedentary doing or involving a lot of sitting : not doing or involving much physical activity
REM sleep of children at this age is reduced to about 20 percent.
=limited]
something (such as an interest or fashion) that is very popular for a short time
any object or arrangement of objects shaped like a pyramid.
