The ‘mobilities turn’ provides an evocative lens to explore the way that movement of people, objects, capital and information transform the physical, social, economic and political characteristics of destinations. As a result, territorial and sedentary understandings of community, individual and collective notions of identity, and the ways a destination can be conceived, are being challenged. This presentation explores the implications of this mobilities turn on tourism planning, policy and governance using cases from Australia. The research highlights the implications of the mobilities turn on destination planning and management, and particularly what it might mean for destination governance.
Salient Features of India constitution especially power and functions
2013 Gold Coast Mobilities and Tourism Governance
1. Destination Dynamics & Mobilities
Dr. Dianne Dredge
This presentation was given at Aalborg University,
Copenhagen Campus, Denmark on 21 NOVEMBER 2013
2. ABSTRACT
The ‘mobilities turn’ provides an evocative lens to explore the way that
movement of people, objects, capital and information transform the
physical, social, economic and political characteristics of destinations.
As a result, territorial and sedentary understandings of community,
individual and collective notions of identity, and the ways a destination
can be conceived, are being challenged. This presentation explores the
implications of this mobilities turn on tourism planning, policy and
governance using cases from Australia. The research highlights the
implications of the mobilities turn on destination planning and
management, and particularly what it might mean for destination
governance.
3. 1. Background
2. Current thinking
3. Gold Coast case study
4. Future research opportunities
Destination Dynamics & Mobilities
4. Background~
Different lenses in understanding destination dynamics
Mobilities, liquid
organisations,
resilience
Institutional
arrangements
Policy
Collaboration &
partnerships
Networksgovernment,
business & civil
society
complementarities
& trade-offs
Relational planning,
Capacity-building,
Governance
Path
dependencies
5. Identity & positionality
Urban &
regional/
environmental
planner
Using social
science to tackle
societal issues
Reflexive
practitioner
Critical
Social
construction
Case study
Boundaries of
knowledge,
liminalities
6. Current thinking ~ Mobilities
• Inspired by Liquid Modernity (Bauman)
– Emphasis on consumption
– Hyper consumerism, hyper-neoliberalism
– Everything is on the move
• ‘Mobilities turn’ (Urry, Sheller, Mavrič)
– Capital, labour, tourists, residents, ideas, resources on the
move
– Rescaling of space and community
7. So what?
Implications for destinations
• Destinations continuously transforming
– Implications for destination identity
– Democratic participation, governance of destinations
problematic under mobilities lens
• Three processes:
– Spatial restructuring of the destination
– Pluralisation of destination management
– Re-visioning ‘community’
9. Gold Coast
Destination Development
Product renewal
New markets
GROWTH
• Visitor No’s
• Visitor Nights
• Visitor Expenditure
Mature
Developing
1980s
Innovation
Emergent
Destination
decline
1950s
TIME
9
10. Our research*
• Aims
– To apply the mobilities lens to the Gold Coast
– Identify the implications for destination governance
• Challenge of methods, approach, data
– Focus on tourist and resident mobilities, labour mobilities,
capital mobilities, image mobilities
– Spatial and temporal data inconsistencies
• Understandings of mobilities can only be partial
Dredge & Jamal (2013) Mobilities on the Gold Coast, Australia: implications for destination
governance and sustainable tourism, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21:4, 557-579
12. Branding &
Image mobility
VERY GOLD COAST: Australia’s
Gold Coast, the most vibrant
experience you will ever have.
Australia’s Gold Coast is a
microcosm of the Australian
lifestyle. Rich in colour and
diversity, the region is
synonymous with glorious
weather, health, vitality and life
itself. The environment is as
diverse as the people creating an
atmosphere of freedom,
excitement and passion”
12
14. Findings:
Implications for governance?
• Spatial restructuring
– Destination being produced at multiple scales
– Uneven flow of capital, migration, investment
– Spatial, temporal, socio-economic differentiation
• Pluralisation of destination management
– Spatial unevenness
• Re-visioning of community
– Networks bound in collective, shared identity, narratives
15. So what?
• Multi-spatial, multi-sectoral governance
• Multi-taskers, innovative, mobile, inventive
• Perpetually construct/reconstruct themselves
• Liquid governance – agile, spontaneous, relational
• Accumulate social capital
• Capable of building/shifting emotional investment in “swift-trust”
16. Future Research
Further research
in complex
hyper-mobile
destinations
Methods/
approaches
What is the
relevance of
liquid
organisations?
Policy and
governance
innovation
Destination mobility
and policy
complementarities
across policy sectors
Notes de l'éditeur
Inspired by Liquid Modernity (Bauman)
Hyper consumerism, globalisation
Fluid movement of capital, labour, tourists, residents, ideas
Overall mobilities literature has problematised how we understand the challenges of planning and managing space and place, but doesn’t provide us with a way forward. The “so what” question looms large.
SEQ has 3 million residents
Gold Coast has 530,000 residents
6th largest city on Australia
60 km of sandy white beaches; linear city based on beach nodes;
3rd most popular destination for international travellers
2011 - 723,000 international visitors generating 8 million nights
2011 3.2 million domestic visitors generating 12.7 million nights
Day trips 6.6 million by SEQ and NSW residents
Mature destination – although Butler’s model has some deficiencies in GC context
The period from 1950s to 1990s was characterised by innovations in technology, product, policy,
Since 2000 there has been a significant slow down and the response has been to refocus attention on emerging markets, etc
Markets are changing – emerging markets BRIC countries growing fast (China 15%, India 9%); traditional markets static or in slight decline
As markets change so to does branding/image of the destination.
Therefore changing markets are driving force for image mobility
GC is one of top fastest growing areas in Australia from 1970s to late 1990s
Permanent residents
Fastest growing local government area between 1970 and late 1990s
Push and pull factors
Push - cost of housing in capital, lifestyle factors
Pull - sunbelt migration, second homes, employment
Growth driven by net migration
46% of residents not there 5 years before (2011 census)
The census does not revel characteristics of circular migration, motivations etc.
Investors
Developers
Investment capital
Temporary residents
Tourists
But destination identity made up of multiple layers: investors, developers, tourism, amenity migrants
And these images are not always consistent
Hyper neoliberalism has created differentiated landscape in which there are winners and loosers. At the
