Mr Jitsuzumi Kyushu Univ Net Neutrality in Japan
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This document summarizes the network neutrality situation in Japan. It notes that IP traffic is growing rapidly at 32% annually. Internet penetration in Japan is high at 78% and broadband adoption is 89%. However, users are dissatisfied with service quality and Japan ranks near the bottom internationally in terms of quality of service according to surveys. The document discusses potential approaches to managing congestion such as metered pricing but recommends letting market competition determine solutions. It also notes the uniqueness of Japan's broadband market structure with NTT as the dominant provider and regulations requiring structural separation and non-discrimination. The document examines industry guidelines on traffic shaping and calls for more user involvement and transparency regarding actual quality of service levels.
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Mr Jitsuzumi Kyushu Univ Net Neutrality in Japan
- 1. NETWORK NEUTRALITY IN JAPAN TOSHIYA JITSUZUMI KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
- 2. 2 IP traffic explosion “IP traffic will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 32 percent from 2010 to 2015.” Source: Cisco VNI (2011)
- 3. 3 Internet penetration and Broadbandization in Japan Internet Penetration Home access 100% at the end of 2010 78% Narrowband 80% 11% 60% BWA FWA 40% cable FTTH 20% xDSL 0% Broadband 89%
- 4. 4 Mori’s Law, not “Moore’s Law” Daily average of download traffic speed of broadband users in Japan (Gbps) 1,515 1500 1,363 1,2071,236 1,101 1000 939 Mr. Kiyoshi Mori 799 Former Vice Minister of MIC 708 http://www.ptcj.org/committee/ptcj_1.html 630 540 459 500 344 391 257 0
- 5. 5 Japan’s “best-effort” quality 72% Demand of customers 69% 26% Average 27% 41% ADSL, up to 20 Mbps 42% 19% ADSL, 20-35 Mbps 25% 13% ADSL, over 35 Mbps 19% 37% Cable 36% 23% Nov. 2009 FTTH 24% Jan. 2011 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
- 6. 6 Users are not happy Level of satisfaction (Jan. 2011) 5% 9% 26% Satisfied 32% Little satisfied Neutral 28% Little dissatisfied Dissatisfied
- 7. 7 Japan as No.1 …… ….from the bottom 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% JAPAN (Nov. 2009) 26% JAPAN (Jan. 2011) 27% USA (average) 51% USA (median) 44% UK (May 2010) 46% Australia (2008Q4) 66% Ireland (2008) 60% http://www.flickr.com/photos/tim_norris/2789759648/
- 8. 8 Essence of the Net Neutrality problem Too much demand for the existing Internet infrastructure 1. Kill “bandwidth hogs” 2. Motivate ISPs to invest 3. Control monopolistic ISPs http://www.flickr.com/photos/vshioshvili/388221237/
- 9. 9 In theory…… • Congestion fee Manage • Smart market IP • Metered rate congestion • Direct subsidy Control • SMP regulation dominant • Anti-trust law ISPs
- 10. 10 Uniqueness of Japan’s BB market Structural separation required by NTT Act Japan U.S. BB ISP market ISP ISP ISP ISP Service Equal treatment -based Operators Service -based BB access market Access Operators Wholesaler Facility-based Operators (cables) BB access line Facility-based Facility-based wholesale market NTT-east/west Operators Operators (telco) Local Loop Unbundling Local Loop Unbundling (dry copper) Local loop unbundling (including fibers) (dark fiber, dry copper, and line-sharing) Structural Separation Telecom. Business Act required by Non-discrimination required by Telecom. Biz. Act
- 11. 11 Uniqueness of Japan’s BB market Japan Estimated market share in Japan U.S. Estimated market share in the US BBBB ISP market ISP market 29.1% ISP 3.8% ISP ISP 36.3% ISP 44.2% Others Others Service -based Operators Service -based BBBB access market access market Access 49.1% 5.8% Operators 36.7% 53.9% Wholesaler Other telcos Facility-based Powercos Operators (cables) BBBB access line access line Facility-based Facility-based wholesale market wholesale market NTT-east/west 78.6% 13.5% 43.6% Operators 53.9% NTT Group Operators (telco) RBOCs Cablecos 0% Local Loop Unbundling 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% Local Loop Unbundling (dry 60% 20% 40% copper) 80% 100% (dark fiber, dry copper, and line-sharing) Cablecos Estimated market share Estimated market share Structural Separation Municipalities NTT group Power company Cables Source: Created on the basis of MIC (2008), FCC (2008a, 2008b), and Noam (2009) RBOC Other telcos Municipalities Others Cables Others Note 1: ISP shares in the US are based on revenues in 2006 (Noam, 2009), which include satellite Internet; the shares in other markets are based on the FCC’s line count and include fixed lines only. Note 2: RBOCs stand for Regional Bell Operating Companies, telcos for telecommunications companies, powercos for power
- 12. 12 Uniqueness of Japan’s BB market Japan Estimated market share in Japan U.S. Estimated market share in the US Merger guidelines of Japanese FTC BBBB ISP market ISP market 29.1% ISP 3.8% ISP ...., when the company group after ISP 36.3% ISP 44.2% Others Others Service the business combination falls under -based Operators either ofServicefollowing standard..., it the -based BBBB access market access market Access 49.1% 5.8% is normally considered that the effect Operators 36.7% 53.9% Wholesaler Other telcos of a horizontal business combination HHI = 1,289 Powercos Facility-based may not be substantial to restrain Operators (cables) BBBB access line access line (as of March 2011) Facility-based competition,... Facility-based wholesale market wholesale market NTT-east/west 78.6% 13.5% 43.6% Operators 53.9% NTT Group Operators (telco) RBOCs Cablecos Local Loop Unbundling (a) HHI after the business 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% Local Loop Unbundling (dry 60% 20% 40% 80% 100% (dark fiber, dry copper, and line-sharing) Cablecos combination is notcopper) than more Estimated market share Estimated market share NTT group Structural Separation Power company Municipalities Cables 1,500. Other telcos Municipalities Others (b) ... Source: Created on the basis of MIC (2008), FCC (2008a, 2008b), and Noam (2009) RBOC Cables Others Note 1: ISP shares in the US are based on revenues in 2006 (Noam, 2009), which include satellite Internet; the shares in other markets are based on the FCC’s line count and include fixed lines... (c) only. Note 2: RBOCs stand for Regional Bell Operating Companies, telcos for telecommunications companies, powercos for power
- 13. 13 Japan’s Net Neutrality Report (September 2007) We must cope with the rapidly changing Internet market and achieve the situation that satisfies the network neutrality. Principle 1 Unrestricted Internet experience Principle 2 “Carterfone” rule Principle 3 Non-discrimination and reasonable price
- 14. 14 For fighting IP congestion IP traffic explosion Analyzed a list of options for building “scalable” networks or ensuring “efficient” network management Fairness in Cost Sharing Proposed a general direction for solving the net neutrality problem In most cases, it recommended to trust the outcome of market competition
- 17. 17 Co-regulation? Enforcement Auditing GUIDELINE Mechanism Mechanism FOR PACKET SHAPING “…., the Guideline is not legally Japan Internet Providers Association Telecommunications Carriers Association Telecom Services Association binding, and whether to observe it or Japan Cable and Telecommunications Association not is at the discretion of individual May 2008 telecommunications carriers.”
- 18. 18 “Co-regulation”-like rule Japan Internet Providers Assoc. GUIDELINE Telecom. Carriers Assoc. FOR Telecom Services Assoc. PACKET SHAPING Japan Cable and Telecom. Assoc. What are reasonable packet shaping practices? Japan Internet Providers Association Telecommunications Carriers Association Telecom Services Association Japan Cable and Telecommunications Association May 2008 Voice of users
- 20. 20 Let the users be involved?
- 21. 21 Consumers’ knowledge on actual QoS Is the actual download speed important for your Internet experience? No Don't 2% know 16% Yes, 38 % Very No, 5 much Little 54% 3% Only 28% know the name, 9 % Have you known what “best-effort” means?
- 22. 22 Happy overestimation More than More 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% once in than a week once in 1% a month 5% 24.5% FTTH 61.1% Several Never times in 39% a year 30.5% ADSL 24% 58.6% Seldom 36.8% 31% Cable 64.0% How often have you measured your Actual DN speed User estimation actual download speed before?
- 23. 23 Involvement of uninformed users
- 24. 24 Rules for “disclosure” FCC rule (Dec. 2010) Article 26 of TBA When any 1. Transparency telecommunications carrier 2. No Blocking or any person who engages in acting as an 3. No Unreasonable Discrimination intermediary, agency or agent for concluding a BEREC proposal for contract… intends to Transparency (Oct. 2011) conclude a contract, …, they 1. Accessibility shall, …, explain to the 2. Understandability person an outline of the 3. Meaningfulness charges and other terms 4. Comparability and conditions for the 5. Accuracy provision of the and telecommunications • Proportionality services.
- 25. 25 Providing detail information is not enough
- 26. 26 Not everybody is perfect • Jitsuzumi (2011) suggests that there is a group of people who need more effort and cost to be as QoS literate as others. It is not optimal and cost effective to make everybody equally QoS literate. Previous studies (Candeub & McCartney, 2010; Henze et al. 2010) showed that if detail information about the actual QoS is available for high-literate end-users, all end-users including low-literate group may be better off. http://farm7.static.flickr.com/6237/6301178811_9cbb30c6d3_o.jpg http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3033/2438910842_3faff2e1c7_o.jpg
- 27. 27 “ISP Sommelier” wanted Gérard Basset, the Best Sommelier of the World in 2010 http://www.sommeliers-international.com/Images/Articles/SI%20129/concours-MSM-4.jpg
- 28. 28 Thank you for your attention. Toshiya Jitsuzumi Professor, Kyushu University jitsuzum@en.kyushu-u.ac.jp