2024 04 03 AZ GOP LD4 Gen Meeting Minutes FINAL.docx
Evolution of Pakistan's Foreign Policy (1947 2012)
1.
2. Main Themes of
Pakistan Foreign Policy
1. National Security
2. Economic Interest
3. Islamic Solidarity
4. Peaceful Co-existence
5. Non Alignment
6. Bilateralism
7. United Nations
3. Evolution from 1947-Current
First phase
• 1947-53:
Exploration and
Friendship with
All
• 1953-62:
Alignment with
the West
Second phase
• 1962-71:
Transition
• 1972-79:
Bilateralism and
Nonalignment
• 1980-90:
Afghanistan and
Partnership with
the United
States
Third Phase
• 1990-2001: Post
Cold War Era
and Pakistan's
Dilemmas
• 2001 Onwards:
Counter
Terrorism
4. First Phase
1. 1947-53: Exploration and Friendship with All
2. 1953-62: Alignment with the West
5. 1947 – 1953: Exploration and
Friendship with all
• Foundations of the Foreign Policy
• Relations with India
• Relations with Afghanistan
• Relations with U.S.A and U.S.S.R
• Relations with Muslim Countries
6. 1953-62: Alignment with the West
• Alignment with the West
• Mutual Defence Assistance Agreement
• SEATO
• The Baghdad Pact / CENTO
• Defence and Economic Assistance from the U.S.
• Cost of Alignment with the West
• Relations with China
7. Second Phase
1. 1962-71: Transition
2. 1972-79: Bilateralism and Nonalignment
3. 1980-90: Afghanistan and Partnership with
the United States
8. 1962- 1971 Transition
• Rethinking about the Alignment Policy
• Improving Relations with the Soviet Union
• Improving Relations with China
• Diminishing Ties with the U.S.
• Pluralistic Perspective
• Relations with India
• Crisis in East Pakistan and International Response
9. 1972- 1979 Bilateralism and
Nonalignment
• Pakistan withdrew from commonwealth and SEATO
• Became a member of NON-allied summit in 1979
• East –Pakistan break up as a separate state
• India signed a peace agreement with Pakistan due to this
break up
• Pakistan ties their relationship with China .
• Zulficar Ali Bhutto visited to Russia to strengthen their
relationship. Bhutto also visited United states with intention
to strengthen the relationship between two countries.
• Due to Pakistan’s nuclear project and Burning down US
embassy in 1979 their relationship was put to the lowest point
10. 1980-1990 Afghanistan and
Partnership with the United States
• Pakistan supported Afganistan in Soviet invasion
• Pakistan hosted Afgan refugees during this war
• However due to soviet invasion USA supported Pakistan with military and
finance. ISI of Pakistan and CIA of USA worked together in this period.
• China also assisted Pakistan during Afgan war with regard to financial and
security matters
• Organization of Islamic conference supported Pakistan with finance for
hosting refugees of afgan war
• During Afgan war Indo – Pakistan relationship existed with negative and
positive manner
• Putting ending to the Afgan war Pakistan , Russia , USA and Afganistan
signed Geneva accord which was a result of United nation interference
11. Third Phase
1. 1990-2001: Post Cold War Era and Pakistan's
Dilemmas
2. 2001 Onwards: Counter Terrorism
12. 1990-2001: Post Cold War Era and
Pakistan's Dilemmas
• Another Drift in Pak-US Relations
• Continuation of the Afghanistan Problem
• Insurgency in Kashmir
• Going Nuclear
13. 2001 Onwards: Counter Terrorism
• September 11 and Fight Against Terrorism
• Increased U.S. Support
• Pakistan's Relations with China and Russia
• Muslim World and Pakistan
• Drone strikes and covert warfare , national espionage