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Evolution of Pakistan's Foreign Policy (1947 2012)
1.
2. Main Themes of
Pakistan Foreign Policy
1. National Security
2. Economic Interest
3. Islamic Solidarity
4. Peaceful Co-existence
5. Non Alignment
6. Bilateralism
7. United Nations
3. Evolution from 1947-Current
First phase
• 1947-53:
Exploration and
Friendship with
All
• 1953-62:
Alignment with
the West
Second phase
• 1962-71:
Transition
• 1972-79:
Bilateralism and
Nonalignment
• 1980-90:
Afghanistan and
Partnership with
the United
States
Third Phase
• 1990-2001: Post
Cold War Era
and Pakistan's
Dilemmas
• 2001 Onwards:
Counter
Terrorism
4. First Phase
1. 1947-53: Exploration and Friendship with All
2. 1953-62: Alignment with the West
5. 1947 – 1953: Exploration and
Friendship with all
• Foundations of the Foreign Policy
• Relations with India
• Relations with Afghanistan
• Relations with U.S.A and U.S.S.R
• Relations with Muslim Countries
6. 1953-62: Alignment with the West
• Alignment with the West
• Mutual Defence Assistance Agreement
• SEATO
• The Baghdad Pact / CENTO
• Defence and Economic Assistance from the U.S.
• Cost of Alignment with the West
• Relations with China
7. Second Phase
1. 1962-71: Transition
2. 1972-79: Bilateralism and Nonalignment
3. 1980-90: Afghanistan and Partnership with
the United States
8. 1962- 1971 Transition
• Rethinking about the Alignment Policy
• Improving Relations with the Soviet Union
• Improving Relations with China
• Diminishing Ties with the U.S.
• Pluralistic Perspective
• Relations with India
• Crisis in East Pakistan and International Response
9. 1972- 1979 Bilateralism and
Nonalignment
• Pakistan withdrew from commonwealth and SEATO
• Became a member of NON-allied summit in 1979
• East –Pakistan break up as a separate state
• India signed a peace agreement with Pakistan due to this
break up
• Pakistan ties their relationship with China .
• Zulficar Ali Bhutto visited to Russia to strengthen their
relationship. Bhutto also visited United states with intention
to strengthen the relationship between two countries.
• Due to Pakistan’s nuclear project and Burning down US
embassy in 1979 their relationship was put to the lowest point
10. 1980-1990 Afghanistan and
Partnership with the United States
• Pakistan supported Afganistan in Soviet invasion
• Pakistan hosted Afgan refugees during this war
• However due to soviet invasion USA supported Pakistan with military and
finance. ISI of Pakistan and CIA of USA worked together in this period.
• China also assisted Pakistan during Afgan war with regard to financial and
security matters
• Organization of Islamic conference supported Pakistan with finance for
hosting refugees of afgan war
• During Afgan war Indo – Pakistan relationship existed with negative and
positive manner
• Putting ending to the Afgan war Pakistan , Russia , USA and Afganistan
signed Geneva accord which was a result of United nation interference
11. Third Phase
1. 1990-2001: Post Cold War Era and Pakistan's
Dilemmas
2. 2001 Onwards: Counter Terrorism
12. 1990-2001: Post Cold War Era and
Pakistan's Dilemmas
• Another Drift in Pak-US Relations
• Continuation of the Afghanistan Problem
• Insurgency in Kashmir
• Going Nuclear
13. 2001 Onwards: Counter Terrorism
• September 11 and Fight Against Terrorism
• Increased U.S. Support
• Pakistan's Relations with China and Russia
• Muslim World and Pakistan
• Drone strikes and covert warfare , national espionage
