The Global soil Partnership - overview
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This presentation was presented during the Asian Soil Partnership workshop that took place in Bangkok 14-16 December 2017. The presentation was made by ronald Vargas from the GSP Secretariat, Rome http://www.fao.org/global-soil-partnership/en/
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The Global soil Partnership - overview
- 1. The Global Soil Partnership - overview Ronald Vargas, GSP Secretary
- 2. Soils are in the agenda and there are emerging issues: Climate change adaptation and mitigation The role of soils in nutrition and healthy food The role of SSM in addressing water scarcity in agriculture Soils and Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Soil borne diseases Soil contamination and human health Addressing degradation and restoration
- 4. Importance of Soils in Climate Change • Soils – host largest terrestrial carbon pool; • Land use and land use change among the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions; • Soils - important in both the climate change challenges (CO2 emissions) and solutions (soil C sequestration); • Sustainable soil management is the key to increase soil organic matter content;
- 5. Steered by Plenary Assembly Partners Regional Soil Partnerships Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils GSP Secretariat Composed by Guided/advised by Facilitated by Through
- 6. The Global Soil Partnership is an interactive, responsive and voluntary partnership, open to governments, regional organizations, institutions and other stakeholders at various levels. It includes two types of partnership: •GSP partners Governmental Organizations, Universities, Civil institutions, Research centers, Soil science societies, UN agencies, NGOs, Private companies, Farmer associations, Donors, etc. more than 450 partners •GSP national focal points designed by FAO members countries (partners by default to the GSP). Collate and distribute relevant communications, information material and invitations to meetings and consultations, received from the GSP Secretariat, to the most appropriate government authorities and/or national institutions, as well as any other relevant body not already registered as a GSP partner, dealing with soil matters within their country.
- 7. Pillar 1 Promote SSM of soil resources for soil protection, conservation and sustainable productivity Pillar 3 Promote targeted soil research and development focusing on identified gaps, priorities and synergies with related productive, environmental and social development actions Pillar 5 Harmonization of methods, measurements and indicator for the sustainable management and protection of soil resources Pillar 2 Encourage investment, technical cooperation, policy, education, awareness and extension in soil Pillar 4 Enhance the quantity and quality of soil data and information: data collection (generation), analysis, validation, reporting, monitoring and integration with other disciplines
- 8. 2015: the year of soils • International Year of Soils: healthy soils for a healthy life: Revised World Soil Charter, Status of the World’s Soil Resources report. • Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) • Land Degradation Neutrality Target • Paris Agreement
- 9. Revised World Soil Charter Overarching goal: Ensure that soils are managed sustainably and degraded soils are rehabilitated or restored • SSM Definition • Multi-level, interdisciplinary initiatives by many stakeholders “Careful soil management is one essential element of sustainable agriculture and also provides a valuable lever for climate regulation…” “All soils … provide ecosystem services relevant to global climate regulation…” Calls on governments to: “Explicitly consider the role of soil management practices in planning for adaptation to and mitigation of climate change and maintaining biodiversity.”
- 10. Status of the World’s Soil Resources Report • “Baseline” to track the status of the world’s soils • Climate change is a strong driver of soil change Important role of SOC sequestration to increase soil’s ability to buffer impacts of climate change while contributing to food security and nutrition
- 11. 2016 - Voluntary Guidelines for Sustainable Soil Management • Accepted by recent COAG • Highlights importance of SSM for: • Climate change adaptation and mitigation (Paris Agreement) • Commitment to combat desertification and mitigate effects of drought Section: Enhance soil organic matter (SOM) • SOM is strategic for climate change adaptation and mitigation • Global SOM stores should be stabilized/maintained • Implementation of appropriate land use and soil management to increase SOC
- 12. Develop a Global SOC map by Dec 2017 as baseline In support of SDG Indicator 15.3.1 Through support and involvement of FAO member countries (bottom-up approach, as every country develops its own map under agreed specifications) GLOBAL SOIL INFORMATION SYSTEM
- 13. Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon 2017 (GSOC17) • Co-organized by FAO/GSP/ITPS, IPCC, UNCCD/SPI, WMO; • Aim: • Review the role of soils and SOC in the climate change agenda; • Ensure incorporation of soil and SOC into the regular IPCC Assessment Reports. • Outcome • Scientific and strategic evidence of options for inclusion of soil and SOC in IPCC Ars. 21-23 March 2017, FAO HQ, Rome
- 15. The Asian Soil Partnership Status & Governance Ronald Vargas, GSP Secretary
- 16. February 2012 Establishment of the Asian Soil Partnership (ASP) through the Nanjing Communiqué The partnership consists of the following countries: • East Asia: China, DPR Korea, Japan, Mongolia and Republic of Korea • Southeast Asia: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor Leste and Vietnam • South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka Countries without any focal points: Brunei Darussalam, Maldives, Singapore, Timor Leste
- 17. The Steering Committee Chair: Thailand Secretariat: FAO RAP Members from East Asia: Republic of Korea, Mongolia, (Japan to be confirmed) Members from Southeast Asia: Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia Members from South Asia: India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka ASP Governance
- 18. Focus on establishing the ASP Chair and Secretariat; Fully dedicated to develop an inclusive Asian Implementation Plan; Participation in various global activities; Development of the Soil Doctors Programme What was done since May 2015
- 19. ASP Governance – Terms of reference
- 20. ASP Governance – Terms of reference CHAIR Note: The Chair could belong to one of the most representative regional institutions with interest in soils in the same geographical area. The Chair of the Regional Soil Partnership has the task(s) of: • Participate to the GSP Plenary Assembly and report on regional activities; • Represent the Regional Soil Partnership at official meetings, conferences and other national, regional and global events; • Organize and chair the Steering Committee meetings.
- 21. ASP Governance – Terms of reference SECRETARIAT Note: the Secretariat of the RSP should be a governmental entity or institution – either national or international with the task of providing a modicum of secretariat support services to the regional soil partnership. Partners participating in the RSP may agree on an eventual rotation formula for such functions, with well-defined timeframes. The chosen partner would need to designate an official who could devote sufficient time to deal with RSP matters in coordination with the GSP Secretariat.
- 22. ASP Governance – Terms of reference SECRETARIAT The Secretariat of the Regional Soil Partnership has the task(s) of: • Broadening participation of potential GSP Partners in the respective region; • Monitoring the outcomes and effectiveness of the activities in the implementation plans; • Preparation of progress reports to the general organs of the GSP; • Preparation of financial reports and annual work plans; • Capacity building, including the identification of opportunities for “in-kind” contributions to the organization of training events (facilities, south-south exchanges of experts, etc.); • Engagement with the ITPS on knowledge management, as appropriate; • Support the Steering Committee in implementing the activities as set out in the regional implementation plans,
- 23. ASP Governance – Terms of reference STEERING COMMITTEE Note: The Steering Committee could be envisaged to be the highest governance body, tasked to provide strategic direction to the RSP and advise the Chair in connection with decision-making on important operational steps (calls for meetings, e-mail consultations, formulation of cooperation agreements on specific tasks, finding sources of financing, etc). Members of the Steering Committee should be GSP partners of the region and be selected through an open and transparent process, taking account of balanced representation of geographic areas (i.e. within the region), gender as well as stakeholder groups.
- 24. ASP Governance – Terms of reference STEERING COMMITTEE The Steering Committee of the Regional Soil Partnership has the task(s) of: • Mobilization of resources to support the implementation of regional implementation plans. • Implementation of activities as set out in the regional implementation plans; • Advocacy activities in line with the principles of the World Soil Charter; • Provision of technical and financial support to the implementation of the activities at country level; • RSPs Partners and the eventual Steering Committees are encouraged to explore funding opportunities from local, national or international sources. Through in- kind contributions, the RSP should be able to support joint activities. These in- kind contributions are normally offered preferably for use within the region, but they could also be used for cross-regional purposes.
- 25. ASP Governance – Terms of reference WORKING GROUPS RELATED TO THE FIVE GSP PILLARS Note: Working groups related to the five GSP Pillars, may be set up to contribute to the intensive process of developing detailed implementation plans for the regions. The working groups of the Regional Soil Partnership have the task(s) of: • Development of regional implementation plans, expanding on the Plans of Action under the five Pillars of the GSP, and involving other regional partners and coordinators; • Technology transfer, especially in terms of sharing information on successful sustainable soil management measures where countries face similar soil conditions and issues; • Provision of technical support to the implementation of the activities at country level.
- 26. Challenges • Strengthening of the ASP (governance, partners and actions); • Endorse the Asian Implementation Plan and pursue its execution; • Resource mobilization for executing the actions. We should not just way for resources to come from external donors. We shall mobilize national investment as well; • Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Sustainable Soil Management; • Implementation of the Soil Doctors programme; • Development of the Soil Atlas of Asia; • Development of National Soil organic Carbon maps; • and more…..
- 27. Thanks for your attention
Notes de l'éditeur
- Soils host the largest terrestrial carbon pool and play a crucial role in the global carbon balance by regulating dynamic biochemical processes and the exchange of greenhouse gases (GHG) with the atmosphere. After the burning of fossil fuels, land use and land cover change (which includes agriculture) is the largest source of GHG emissions. Soil organic matter (SOM) is composed of about 58% carbon and is a crucial soil component which affects most of the processes relevant to soil functions and ecosystem services including food production. Changing soil organic matter affects the capacity of soils to buffer against environmental change and changes the provision of ecosystem services required for crop production. It is thus closely regulating the resilience of the agricultural system to climate change.
- The overarching goal for all parties is to ensure that soils are managed sustainably and that degraded soils are rehabilitated or restored. Selected principles especially relevant for LDN: 5. Soil management is sustainable if the supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural services provided by soil are maintained or enhanced without significantly impairing either the soil functions that enable those services or biodiversity. The balance between the supporting and provisioning services for plant production and the regulating services the soil provides for water quality and availability and for atmospheric greenhouse gas composition is a particular concern. 6. The implementation of soil management decisions is typically made locally and occurs within widely differing socio-economic contexts. The development of specific measures appropriate for adoption by local decision-makers often requires multi-level, interdisciplinary initiatives by many stakeholders. A strong commitment to including local and indigenous knowledge is critical. 10. Soil degradation inherently reduces or eliminates soil functions and their ability to support ecosystem services essential for human well-being. Minimizing or eliminating significant soil degradation is essential to maintain the services provided by all soils and is substantially more cost-effective than rehabilitating soils after degradation has occurred. 11. Soils that have experienced degradation can, in some cases, have their core functions and their contributions to ecosystem services restored through the application of appropriate rehabilitation techniques. This increases the area available for the provision of services without necessitating land use conversion.
- The overarching goal for all parties is to ensure that soils are managed sustainably and that degraded soils are rehabilitated or restored. Selected principles especially relevant for LDN: 5. Soil management is sustainable if the supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural services provided by soil are maintained or enhanced without significantly impairing either the soil functions that enable those services or biodiversity. The balance between the supporting and provisioning services for plant production and the regulating services the soil provides for water quality and availability and for atmospheric greenhouse gas composition is a particular concern. 6. The implementation of soil management decisions is typically made locally and occurs within widely differing socio-economic contexts. The development of specific measures appropriate for adoption by local decision-makers often requires multi-level, interdisciplinary initiatives by many stakeholders. A strong commitment to including local and indigenous knowledge is critical. 10. Soil degradation inherently reduces or eliminates soil functions and their ability to support ecosystem services essential for human well-being. Minimizing or eliminating significant soil degradation is essential to maintain the services provided by all soils and is substantially more cost-effective than rehabilitating soils after degradation has occurred. 11. Soils that have experienced degradation can, in some cases, have their core functions and their contributions to ecosystem services restored through the application of appropriate rehabilitation techniques. This increases the area available for the provision of services without necessitating land use conversion.
- The SWSR was developed as a first step in tracking the status of the world’s soil resources in response to the World Soil Charter. The next version is envisaged for 2020, based on measured data generated through the GSP’s Global Soil Information System (GLOSIS) under Pillar 1 Climate change is a further strong driver of soil change through its current and anticipated effects on land use and management. The impact of climate change on soil functioning is the largest source of uncertainty in any projections of the trends in key ecosystem services provided by the soil. Climate change will have significant impacts on soil resources. For instance the change in water availability due to changes of quantity and pattern of precipitation and higher temperatures which entail a higher evaporative demand will influence the rate of actual evaporation, groundwater recharge, and the generation of runoff according to local conditions. Warming-induced changes in soil temperature and moisture regimes may increase the SOC decomposition rate and the acceleration of the risks of erosion and desertification can have a reinforcing feedback on climate change. A rising sea level associated with climate change will increase coastal erosion and shoreline retreat. In coastal lowlands that are insufficiently defended by sediment supply or embankments, tidal flooding by saline water will tend to penetrate further inland than at present, extending the area of perennially or seasonally saline soils.4 A final role for SOC enhancement and maintenance of soil biodiversity is to increase the resilience of the soil for food production, especially its ability to withstand disruption due to human-induced climate change. The soil organic carbon buffers the impact of climate extremes on soils and crops by (i) regulating water supply to plants, (ii) reducing erosion through runoff decrease, and (iii) providing sites for nutrient retention and release.
- Latest version endorsed by the 4th Plenary Assembly and approved by the FAO Committee on Agriculture (Sept 2016) , submitted for endorsement by the FAO Council (Dec 2016). Main tool to be used to implement SSM from normative to national actions. Objectives of the VGSSM are: to present generally accepted, practically proven and scientifically based principles to promote SSM and to provide guidance to all stakeholders on how to translate these principles into practice, be it for farming, pastoralism, forestry or more general natural resources management. The guidelines are not expected to provide detailed recommendations, but are designed to inform strategic and context-specific decision-making at all relevant levels. They are intended to contribute to global, regional and national efforts towards the eradication of hunger and poverty due to the importance of soils in sustainable development. The VGSSM are of voluntary nature and are not legally binding. They elaborate the principles outlined in the revised World Soil Charter, taking into account the evidence provided in the SWSR. The guidelines address technical aspects of SSM including core characteristics of sustainably managed soils, key challenges and potential solutions to address them. The VGSSM focus mostly on agriculture which is broadly defined as the production of food, fibre, feed, timber and fuel, although many of the principles described have a significant influence on ecosystem services provided by managed and unmanaged soil systems. Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a central role in maintaining soil functions and preventing soil degradation. Soils constitute the largest organic carbon pool on the Earth and play a critical role in regulating climate and mitigating climate change through trade-offs between greenhouse gas emission and carbon sequestration. For this reason, SOM is strategic for climate change adaptation and mitigation, and global stores of SOM should be stabilized or increased. A loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) due to inappropriate land use or the use of poor soil management or cropping practices can cause a decline in soil quality and soil structure, and increase soil erosion, potentially leading to emissions of carbon into the atmosphere. On the other hand, appropriate land use and soil management can lead to increased SOC and improved soil quality that can partially mitigate the rise of atmospheric CO2.
- Indicator 15.3.1: Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area Three sub-indicators will be utilized to derive the spatial extent and thus the percentage of total land that is degraded, namely land cover and land cover change, land productivity, and carbon stocks, above and below ground.
- The aim of the symposium is to review the role of soils and SOC in the climate change agenda and build the necessary scientific evidence to ensure its incorporation into the regular IPCC Assessment Reports, starting with the AR6 report and related products. Specifically, the symposium will contribute to the refinement of methodologies for reporting on SOC as outlined in Volume 4 (Agriculture, Forestry and other Land Use) of the Outline of the Methodology Report(s) to refine the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories which was adopted by decision IPCC-XLIV/L.3 during the 44th Session of the IPCC. The Symposium outcome will comprise a set of scientific and strategic evidence highlighting and elaborating the options for soils and SOC to be included as a chapter in the regular IPCC reporting including, starting with AR6. The ITPS will formally present the workshop outcomes to the IPCC to enable its inclusion and discussion in the IPCC AR6 Scoping Meeting to be held from 1 – 7 May 2017. The specific objectives of the Symposium are to: Examine the current scientific and technical understanding of the role of soils and SOC in the climate system for carbon sequestration and adaptation; Identify the potentials and limitations of soils and SOC in climate change adaptation and mitigation; Enable and strengthen the provision of knowledge on soils, SOC and land degradation, as well as the interlinkages with other carbon pools in upcoming IPCC climate change assessment reports; Identify options for the strengthening of existing and future IPCC technical and scientific reporting mechanisms and policy-relevant incentives; Identify research gaps for coordinated research and exploration of opportunities for collaboration; and Produce a scientifically supported document highlighting the role of soils and SOC in the climate change agenda for inclusion in the IPCC regular reports, starting with AR6.