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COSMOLOGY The nature of semi-classical nature of gravity reviewed, and can we use a graviton entanglement version of the EPR experiment to answer if the graviton  is classical or quantum in origin?
Affiliation of speaker information ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
First part of abstract, part I ,[object Object],[object Object]
What can be used as a rule stick for measurement? Velocity used as a surrogate for distance – km/s for v<<c, otherwise red shift,  z,  where
Hubble’s Law (published 1929):  H 0  = 72 (+/-5) km/s per Mpc
DYNAMICS OF THE UNIVERSE The Friedmann Equation: R  is the ‘scale factor’ Λ  is the ‘cosmological constant’ term k  is the ‘curvature’:  -1 corresponds to an open universe +1 corresponds to a closed universe 0 corresponds to a critical universe This has a simple but limited  dynamical interpretation , and a complex but general geometrical interpretation
Dynamics of the Hubble parameter and scale factor ,[object Object],[object Object]
Now to determine if there is a semi classical input from pre universe ,[object Object]
Two cases to consider for prior equation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Do quantum processes play a role in Gravity? The Weinberg answer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Now for magnitude of the potential in early universe  ,[object Object],[object Object]
Now how to possibly link gravity/ gravitons to entropy, in the early universe ,[object Object],[object Object]
What to compare, which version of  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Different Scenarios for Entropy Growth Depending Upon if or Not We Have Low to High Frequency GW from the Big Bang ,[object Object],[object Object]
Large or small  initial Temperature? Answers dependent upon large higher dimensions? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why issue is so relevant? Temperature dependence in GW frequency? If HFGW are dominant? ,[object Object]
What if the T is initially low ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Low temperature for Holographic Treatment of N being non zero, if H ~ T, while High Temperature for high frequency GW ? How can this be possibly justified ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Optimal Quantum Estimation for Gravitation. True so long as a metric exists ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Limits of applicability of uncertainty relationship ,[object Object]
Re scaling of Units makes it plain ,[object Object]
Upshot, for small volume ,[object Object]
Minimizing uncertainty relations means a regime when QM may not apply initially? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Notes on the vacuum energy idea and also the cosmological constant (Quintessence ) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Notes on the vacuum energy idea and also the cosmological constant (Not Quintessence); Continued. ,[object Object]
Temperature dependence of quintessence ( Park , 2002?) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Quintessence, Park formula,  continued ,[object Object]
What would happen if gravitons as a particle count algorithm defined Today’s Entropy ? ,[object Object]
Difference in final entropy values, black holes versus gravitons may be proof of higher dimensions .  How to reconcile 5 th  dimension, black holes and all that with value of entropy due to Gravitons ? ,[object Object]
Phase space, BH in galaxies entropy, and all that, 5 D ,[object Object],[object Object]
Phase space , entropy and final number of gravitons in 4 D ? ,[object Object]
Looking at the contribution from super massive black holes in Galaxies in phase space leads to consider how to contain 4 Dimensions in 5 Dimensional spaces ,[object Object]
Actual Wesson 5 D line element ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Actual Wesson 5 D line element, continued
Main difference in Wesson 5 D cosmology from 4 D, negative cosmological constant ,[object Object]
Main assertion is that black holes may be in 5 D, whereas our observable universe is 4 D What does this say about a source for a gravitational field ? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Conformal invariance of Maxwell’s theory ,[object Object]
If a field is massless, Then for the Maxwell Field (with no current )  ,[object Object],[object Object]
For CCC theory, Penrose(2010) the cross over from Cycle to Cycle  is given by  mapping  ,[object Object]
Cross over to a new universe zone, if we use the Penrose
Difference of opinion with Penrose. I.e. 5 th  dimension inevitable, containing black holes, and there are many , not just one universe undergoing collection of material into black holes for recycling of Matter-energy material  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Experimentally tracking the GW and Gravitons from other ‘universes’? As input into our own? This appears impossible; i.e. Causal discontinuities? And what is means of information transfer ? From other universes? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What still remains the same, what changes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Classical representation  of Gravitons? Is it possible ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Have a situation where a vacuum state as a template for graviton nucleation is built out of an initial ‘vacuum state’ (The initial ‘vacuum state’ is not necessarily purely quantum mechanical, if it has a tiny rest mass) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Could Final form of Graviton as squeezed vacuum states  start off with semi classical representation for graviton? ,[object Object]
Being a super position of vacuum states, means that classical analog is extremely difficult to recover in the case of squeezing, and general non classical behavior of squeezed states ,[object Object],[object Object]
Simple representation of an un squeezed GW/Graviton (?) state/states?
Simple representation of an squeezed GW/Graviton (?) state/states? ,[object Object]
“  Massive” Gravitons ?  ,[object Object],[object Object]
“ Massive Graviton”, Continued? ,[object Object]
“ Massive Graviton”, Continued? ,[object Object]
“ Massive Graviton”, Continued? ,[object Object]
“ Massive   Graviton”, Continued? Formulas from Maarten’s applied ,[object Object]
“ Massive   Graviton”, Continued? Formulas from Maarten’s applied
Ω M  < 1 –  matter will stop universal expansion after finite  ( q 0  <  0.5)  time (followed by recollapse, and a ‘Big Crunch’); a closed universe  Geometry :  positive curvature,  k  = +1 Ω M  > 1 –  gravity will never stop the expansion (an open ( q 0 > 0.5)  universe) Geometry :  negative curvature,  k  = -1 Ω M  = 1 –  a critical universe ( q 0  = 0.5)  Geometry :  flat (Euclidean),  k  = 0
 
 
In seeking to determine the deceleration of  the universe, it turns out that it’s not decelerating at all; the universe is accelerating! So what is  Ω M ?  Well, whatever it is, there has to be something  else involved in the dynamics of the universe? We generalize  Ω  to include not just matter, but all forms  of mass/energy: Ω M  =  Ω B  +  Ω DM  (+  Ω ν ....) Ω Λ  (+  Ω starlight ,  Ω CMB ...) What is the geometry (i.e., what is  Ω total ?)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2 nd   part of abstract, i.e. part II ,[object Object],[object Object]
2 nd   part of abstract, i.e. part II, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Main goal of redoing EPR with regards to entangled Gravitons : ,[object Object],[object Object]
Key passage in EPR paper to keep in mind. Relevance to EPR & QM is stated ,[object Object]
What shows deviation from QM if Gravitons generate ‘FTL’ Tachyons? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
From the entangled photon picture http://arxiv.org/abs/1006.2697
Comment. We need to revisit our ideas of how mass forms in particle physics. I.e. the Higgs Boson ,[object Object]
From Vixra.org, what Beckwith brought up about this issue ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Brief review of Higgs Boson ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“ Houston, we have a problem” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What if we do not have the Higgs? ,[object Object],[object Object]
t’Hooft and others as to a future embedding/ expansion of QM and Quantum Gravity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/gr-qc/pdf/9903/9903084v3.pdf ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mexican hat potential and mass formation, if symmetry broken ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mexican hat potential and mass formation, if symmetry broken. continued ,[object Object],[object Object]
Final comment from L. Crowell  http://www.fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/979 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Explanation as to comment on Time ,[object Object],[object Object]
Explanation as to comment on Time continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thank you section to those who helped the presenter as of the last six months ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thank you section for those who helped the presenter, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
First  5 references in a recent Journal of Modern physics article, by A.W. Beckwith ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bibliography, continued, Eleven books which are useful to read ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bibliography, continued, Eleven books which are useful to read, continued, plus one DICE article the author wrote ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
E mail received as to DICE 2010 conference proceedings and Beckwith paper in the proceedings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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New Presentation From Astrophysicist Dr. Andrew Beckwith: "Detailing Coherent, Minimum Uncertainty States of Gravitons, as Semi Classical Components of Gravity Waves, and How Squeezed States Affect Upper Limits to Graviton Mass" - September 3&9, 2011

  • 1. COSMOLOGY The nature of semi-classical nature of gravity reviewed, and can we use a graviton entanglement version of the EPR experiment to answer if the graviton is classical or quantum in origin?
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  • 4. What can be used as a rule stick for measurement? Velocity used as a surrogate for distance – km/s for v<<c, otherwise red shift, z, where
  • 5. Hubble’s Law (published 1929): H 0 = 72 (+/-5) km/s per Mpc
  • 6. DYNAMICS OF THE UNIVERSE The Friedmann Equation: R is the ‘scale factor’ Λ is the ‘cosmological constant’ term k is the ‘curvature’: -1 corresponds to an open universe +1 corresponds to a closed universe 0 corresponds to a critical universe This has a simple but limited dynamical interpretation , and a complex but general geometrical interpretation
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  • 34. Actual Wesson 5 D line element, continued
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  • 40. Cross over to a new universe zone, if we use the Penrose
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  • 55. “ Massive Graviton”, Continued? Formulas from Maarten’s applied
  • 56. Ω M < 1 – matter will stop universal expansion after finite ( q 0 < 0.5) time (followed by recollapse, and a ‘Big Crunch’); a closed universe Geometry : positive curvature, k = +1 Ω M > 1 – gravity will never stop the expansion (an open ( q 0 > 0.5) universe) Geometry : negative curvature, k = -1 Ω M = 1 – a critical universe ( q 0 = 0.5) Geometry : flat (Euclidean), k = 0
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  • 59. In seeking to determine the deceleration of the universe, it turns out that it’s not decelerating at all; the universe is accelerating! So what is Ω M ? Well, whatever it is, there has to be something else involved in the dynamics of the universe? We generalize Ω to include not just matter, but all forms of mass/energy: Ω M = Ω B + Ω DM (+ Ω ν ....) Ω Λ (+ Ω starlight , Ω CMB ...) What is the geometry (i.e., what is Ω total ?)
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  • 66. From the entangled photon picture http://arxiv.org/abs/1006.2697
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