Transboundary co-operation in the fields of flood protection with Hungarian eyes Workshop on “Flood management in a transboundary context”, 13-14.12.2011, Zagreb, Croatia

1. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Transboundary co-operation
in the fields of flood protection
with Hungarian eyes
•
•
• Kálmán Papp

2. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Why is so important the flood
protection?
•Mementos from heavy floods
on the Tisza river
•
•
•

3. •Tiszabecs 1998.

4. •Flood caused damages

5. •Upper Tisza region
•during the flood

6. •Cofferdam protection

7. •Tiszalök barrage
•during the flood

8. •The dyke at Tiszasüly 1

9. •The dyke at Tiszasüly 2

10. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Geographical context
•
•

11. •Zagreb, 13-14. December
•
•
2011.
•The Danube river basin in Central-Europe
•Most international basin in the world
•17 riparian countries
•Basin area: 801.463 km²
•Hungary and its 7 neighbours (Austria,
Slovakia, Ukraine, Roumania,
Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia) share 77,7
% of the basin area (605700 km²)
•Longitude: 2.857 km (HU stretch: 417 km)

12. •COOPERATION IN THE DANUBE RIVER BASIN
•EU aims:
• Sustainable use of water
• ICPDR :Coordination of the
Danube basin aims
•National aims:
•Consideration of the special flood prevention circumstances
•Implementation of EU WFD and Flood Directive
•

13. •Tisza River Basin
•Longitude: 966 km
•Catchment:157 186
km2
•Long lasting
floods
•Very short
lead time

14. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Historical context
•
•

15. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Developments after the I. World War
•Permanent Technical Commission for
the Water Regime of the Danube
(CRED)
•C.R.E.D. worked in the period 1924-
1938.
•Liquidation of the water boards
•Initiated bilateral and trilateral frontier
water agreements among the
interested
•states
•Central topic: flood protection

16. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•The first frontier water agreements
•Hungarian-Roumanian General Water
Agreement 1924.
•Hungarian-Austrian Frontier Water
Agreement 1927.
•Hungarian-Czecho-Slovakian Frontier
Water Agreement 1937.
•Hungarian-Roumanian-Czecho-
Slovakian Technical Commission for
Transcarpathia

17. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Frontier water agreements
•after the II. World War
•1950. Hungarian-Soviet Agreement
(renewed in 1981. ended in 1993.)
•1950. Hungarian-Roumanian Agreement
(renewed in 1969. and in 1986.)
•1954. Hungarian-Czecho-Slovakian
• Agreement (renewed in 1976.)
•1955. Hungarian-Yugoslavian
Agreement
•1956. Hungarian-Austrian Agreement

18. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•New frontier water agreements
•after the political regime changes
•1993, 1997. Hungarian-Ukrainian Agreement
•Slovakia became the partner in the former
Hungarian-Czecho-Slovakian
Agreement
• Serbia became the partner in the former
Hungarian-Yugoslavian Agreement
•1994. Hungarian-Croatian Agreement
•1994. Hungarian-Slovenian Agreement
•2003. New Hungarian-Roumanian Agreement

19. •The structure of the frontier water
commissions
•By catchment principle:
–e.g. Tisza Subcommission in HU-SK relation
–Danube and Dráva Subc. in HU-CRO relation
•By technical or administrative principle:
–Water Management Subcommission
–Hidrometeorological Subcommission
–Financing Subcommission

20. •Important tasks of water
commissions:
•- water level and volume measurements
•- checking the state of the dykes and the
hydrotechnical
constructions
•- flood protection
•- agreement of development and technical
plans
•- water balance
•- water quality measurements and evaluation
•- regulate activities, create subcommissions,
working groups.

21. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Hungarian-Austrian Water Commission
•Most traditional agreement and
Commission
•Catchment areas: Lake of Fertı, Ikva,
•Pinka, Hanság, Rába, Lapincs rivers
•Operational and preparatory activities
•managed by the Water Subcommission
•(agreed licencing of flood protection
works)
•Working Group for Water Quality
Control

22. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Hungarian-Slovakian Commission
• of Frontier Waters
•Danube Subcommission (flood protection)
•Ipoly Subcommission (flood protection)
•Tisza Subcommission (flood protection)
•Water Quality Control Subcommission
•Financial Expert Group
•Hydrological Expert Group (forecast)
•WFD Expert Group

23. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Hungarian-Ukrainian Frontier Water
•Agreement
•Water Demage Mitigation Group of
Experts
•(Yearly inspection of dykes, canals and
water management constructions,
mutual acceptance of
development plans)
•Water Quality Control GoE
•Hydrological and Water Management
GoE

24. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Hungarian-Roumanian Water
•Commission
•Flood and Inland Water
Subcommission
•(Yearly inspection, special
regulation)
•Hydrometeorological
Subcommission
•(Flood forecast)
•Longterm WM
PlanningSubcommission

25. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Hungarian-Serbian Water
• Management Commission
•The 1955. HU-YUG Agreement is
considered valid by both parties
•Interruption of co-operation by civil
Interruption
war
•Water Demage Mitigation
Subcommission
•(Yearly flood protection inspection,
icebreaker cooperation on Danube)
•Water Management Subcommission

26. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Permanent Hungarian-Croatian Water
• Management Commission
•Danube and Drava Basin
Subcommission
•(flood protection competence,
development of flood forecasting, new
Drava Atlas)
•Mura Subcommission
• (flood protection competence)
•Water Quality Control

27. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Permanent Hungarian-Slovenian Water
• Management Commission
•Working Group of Water Management
• cofinancing of the construction and
maintanence of Kebele/Kobijlski
Reservoir
•Working Group of Water Quality
Control

28. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Best practice
examples
•
•

29. • Common Hungarian-Ukrainian hydrographic telemeasuring system
•Hazai területen 33 db távmérı •Kárpátalján 35 db távmérı
állomás: állomás:
•19 db vízrajzi 25 db vízrajzi
•2 db hidrometeorológiai • (10 URH, 15 Mőhold.)
•3 db ultrahangos vízhozammérı 10 db hidromet.
T
Jelmagyarázat:
• (5 URH, 5 Mőholdas)
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•1 db torkolati mőtárgy Lju Sóhát
Alsóverecke
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Vízállás
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Vízállás USGS
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UNGVÁR Zalomiszko Pláj Ökörmezı Csapadék USGS
központ
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30. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•HU-UA Telemeasuring System
• In HU territory: 19 hydrographic stations
• 2 hydromet.
stations
» 3 URH water discharge st.
» 5 aut. groundwater wells
» 3 aut. pumping stations
» 1 outlet structure
• In UA territory: 10 URH hydrogr. stations
• •
15 satellite hydrogr.
stations
» 5 URH hydromet. stations
» 5 satellite hydromet. st.

31. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Hungarian technical assistance for
•neighbouring countries I.
•
• In 2001: dyke breach on Upper Tisza in
Hungarian
• territory. Hungarian assistance for pumping
out the excess water in Ukrainian territory
(1 month).
•
• In 2001 and in 2008: Hungarian Government
provided support to Ukraine for
the development

32. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Hungarian technical assistance for
•neighbouring countries II.
• In 2004: pumping provided on Serbian
territory
• by the Lower Tisza Directorate (Szeged)
•
• In 2005: dyke breach on Temes/Timis river in
• Roumania. The Hungarian Flood Protection
Service with mobile pumps helped to free a
flooded Roumanian pumping station and then
• together with Roumanian colleagues
pumped out the water from the flooded
territory.

33. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Hungarian icebreakers on the Serbian
•and Croatian Danube river section
•By a special contract Hungarian icebreakers
used to provide technical assistance for
Yugoslavian authorities on the Danube
(1964/65, 1985/86). Other occasions
preparedness were provided.
•This bilateral cooperation continued
trilaterally
•(HU-SE-CRO)
•Special expert group meets every December

34. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Hungarian-Slovenian Transboundary
•Cooperation
•Heavy floods in 1998 and 2005 on Kebele/
•Kobijlski watercourse
•Common study on the Kebele/Kobiljski
•catchment to stop the the high floods
•(Vodnogospodarski inštitut Ljubljana
• VIZITERV Budapest)
•INTERREG IIIA SLO-HU-CRO Neighbourhood
Programme 2004-2006
• cofinancing of the construction and
maintanence of Kebele/Kobiljski Emergency
Reservoir

35. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Financing of Kebele/Koiljski
• Emergency Reservoir
•EU support by the Structural Fund:1.090.949
EUR
• from this sum for Hungary: 690.130 EUR
• for Slovenia: 400.819
EUR
•Hungarian contribution: 414.077 EUR
•Slovenian contribution: 969.859 EUR
•Total cost: 2.474.885 EUR
•Ratio of financing: 44% HU, 56% SLO

36. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Results:
• Flood protection of 3 Hungarian and 5
Slovenian settlement solved by the project
• The reservoir retains 40% of the
1%probability
• flood for 3-5 days
•Provides regulated conveyance of floods on
the River Lendva and its tributaries
•Provides possibility for water quality control

37. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Multilateral
Cooperation

38. •Tisza Water Forum 2001-2004.
•
•WG I. National characteristics of the Tisza River Basin
(Yugoslavia)
•WG II. Description of the flood control situation by
countries (Romania)
•WG III. Increase of lead time available for preparation
(Hungary)
•WG IV. Definition of the design flood levels (Slovakia)
•WG V. Implementation of the necessary measures
(lUkraine)
•WG VI. Environmental impact assessment (Slovakia)
•WG VII. International co-operation, legal framework
(Hungary)
•WG VIII. Integrating the outputs (Romania)

39. •Tisza Water Forum Summary
•
•Five lateral ministerial meeting initiated in
2001
•Concrete results in 4 Working Groups, but
could not achieve concrete common project
• Tisza River Basin Flood Control Concept
(2002)
• Contacts with EU
• The results of the Forum were integrated
into the ICPDR Tisza Group activity (2004)
•

40. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•ICPDR Co-operation in the field
•of flood protection
•1994. Sofia Convention on the Cooperation for
the Protection and Sustainable Use of the
Danube
•2000. Action Plan for Sustainable Flood
Prevention
• 2002. Flood Protection Working Group
•2004. Adoption of Action Plan
•2007. EU Flood Directive
•2008. First Report on Achievements for the
Public
•2009. Overview of flood monitoring systems

41. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Targets of Flood Action Plan
•Improvement of forecasts
•Preparation and coordination of sub-
basin action plans
•Fora for expert knowledge exchange
•Recommendation for common
approach and evaluation of flood
risks

42. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Cooperation by the EU Flood Directive
•2007. Issue of EU Flood Directive
• Aim: to reduce risks
•2011. Preliminary Flood Risk
Assesment
•2013. Flood risk management maps
•2015. Flood risk management plans

43. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•ICPDR projects and programs
•TISAR 2007: Joint implementation of
WFD and Flood D. in the Tisza river
basin
• (Development of Flood Mgmt.
Strategy)
•UNDP/GEF Tisza MPS: testing wetland
and floodplain management
• (3 demonstration projects with flood
component: practical
implementations

44. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Other international
•projects
•Danube Floodrisk: Risk mapping and
data collection by 8 riparian countries
(ICPDR)
•Ceframe: Central European Flood
Risk Assesment for the Lajta river (HU-
AT-SK)
•Pro Raab: Development of flood
forecasting on the Rába river (HU-AT)

45. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Conclusions
•The flood protection is very important
in transboundary relations
(monitoring, forecast, risk
assesment, emergency
cooperation must be developed).
•The bilateral and multilateral
cooperation must be harmonized.
•The bilateral projects must be
developed to regional ones
depending from situation.

46. •Zagreb, 13-14. December 2011.
•Thank you for your
kind attention !