The pituitary gland lies in the sella turcica and is connected to the hypothalamus. It can be divided into the anterior and posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary secretes six important hormones that control metabolism, while the posterior pituitary secretes two hormones that control water balance and childbirth. The pituitary receives signals from the hypothalamus that control its secretion of hormones.

1. PITUITARY GLAND
NAME: HINGIN BIN CHIAM TAH KONG
LU SIEW LING
GROUP:9

2.  Lies in sella turcica and is connected to
hypothalamus by pituitary stalk.
 Divisible 2 distinctive portions: ANTERIOR and
POSTERIOR pituitary. (adenohypophysis and
neurohypophysis)
 Between it : pars intermedia
 Anterior pituitary originates: Rathke’s
Pouch(invagination of the pharangeal
epithelium)
 Posterior pituitary originates: neural tissue
outgrowth from the hypothalamus (glial-type
cells)

3.  6 important peptide hormones secreted by
anterior pituitary gland(plays major role in
metabolism):
a) Growth hormones
b) Adrenocorticotrophin
c) Thyroid stimulating hormones
d) Prolactin
e) Follicle stimulating hormones and luteinizing
hormone

4.  Posterior pituitary gland secreted 2 other
peptide hormones:
a) Antidiuretic hormones (Vasopressin)
b) Oxytoxin

5.  Pituitary secretion is controlled by either
hormonal or nervous signals from hypothalamus
 Anterior: controlled by hormones (hypothalamic
releasing, hypothalamic inhibitory hormones)
- is secreted form the hypothalamus then
conducted through minute blood vessels
(hypothalamic-hypophysial porta vessels)
which penetrates substance of median
eminance  pituitary stalk supply blood
for anterior pituitary sinuses.
 Posterior: from hypothalamus by nerve signals

6.  Thyrotropin-releasing hormones
 Corticotrophin-releasing hormones
 Growth hormones-releasing hormones and
Somatostatin
 Gonadotropin-releasing hormones
 Prolactin inhibitory hormones
 Anterior: these hormones acts on glandular
cells to controlled the secretion
 Many sources in nervous system
hypothalamus( collecting center for
information )

7.  Growth hormones(GH) does not function through
target gland but exerts it’s effects directly on mainly
all tissue of the body.
 Cause growth almost all tissue that can grow
 Increasing of the cells and mitosis
 Promoting protein deposition and increase protein
synthesis rate in most cells of the body.
 Increase mobalizamobalization of fatty acids from
adipose tissue, free fatty acids in blood, use fatty
acids for energy
 Decreased glucose utilization rate through body
- decreased glucose uptake(in skeletal muscles)
- increased glucose production(liver)
- increased insulin secretion

8.  GH secretion in a pulsatile pattern, increased and
decreased. Factors related to person state of
nutrition or stress(stimulate secretion):
- starvation (kwashiorkor)
- hypoglycemia, exercise, excitement, trauma
 Factor stimulate growth hormone:
- decreased blood glucose and free fatty acids
- starvation or fasting, protein deficiency
- trauma, stress, excitement, exercise
 Inhibit GH secretion:
- increased blood glucose, blood free fatty acids
-aging , obesity, somatostatin, GH (exogenous)
- somatomedins ( insulin-like growth factor)