Presented by Natalie Carter and Danilo Pezo at the Workshop on In-depth smallholder pig value chain assessment and preliminary identification of best-bet interventions, Kampala, 9-11 April 2013
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Feeding and breeding systems in the Uganda smallholder pigs value chain
1. Feeding and breeding systems in the
Uganda smallholder pigs value chain
Natalie Carter and Danilo Pezo
“Workshop: In-depth smallholder pig value chain assessment and preliminary
identification of best-bet interventions, Kampala, 9-11 April 2013”
2. Production Systems
Water
Available Feeds
Forages
Constraints
Solutions
Summary
Trends in breed-
types
Sources of pigs
Mating management
Constraints
Summary
Feeding Breeding
9. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
RU
commercial crop residues
forage home mixed
kitchen leftovers
10. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
UU
commercial crop residues forage
home mixed kitchen leftovers
11. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
RR
commercial crop residues forage
home mixed kitchen leftovers
12.
13.
14.
15.
16. Cassava leaves and yam leaves – all three
Amaranthus – Rural-Urban
Sweet potato vines – Urban-Urban & Rural-Rural
Cassava leaves:
Very palatable
Medicinal
Give satisfaction to pigs
Fast growth
Human and animal feed
17. Amaranthus:
Rich in vitamins
Palatable
Sweet potato vines:
Very palatable
Give satisfaction to pigs
Medicinal
Boost growth and milk and reduces fat
Accessible
19. SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
Grow and store enough
Borrow money
Use planted forages
Home mixed rations
Training – quality and mixing
Training – feed conservation
Training- weather and climate factors
Training – proper treatment of kitchen waste
Clean, check, sort, boil waste
20. 3 systems
Water sources
Twice per day
Feed availability
Feed types
Forages and benefits
Constraints
Solutions
21. Smallholder Pig Value Chain R4D
Projects in Uganda
THE BREEDING COMPONENT IN SMALLHOLDER
PIG FARMS OF KAMULI, MASAKA AND MUKONO
28. Characteristics Tally Local
Cross-
bred
Exotic
Many teats(> 12) 41 2.8 1.8 1.3
Mothering ability 2 3.5 1.5 1.5
Large litter size 3 3.3 2 1
Horizontally long 64 3.2 1.9 1.3
Floppy ears 57 3.1 1.73 1.4
Fast growth 20 3.6 1.8 1.3
Color/skin appearance 16 1.7 1.5 1.6
Note: Scores from 1 to 5, being 1 = very good and 5 = very poor
29.
30. VC domain Reason %
U – U
To avoid inbreeding 27.6
Age of the gilts 24.1
Weight of the boar 10.3
R – U
Age of the gilts 27.3
To avoid inbreeding 22.7
Weight of the boar 22.7
R – R
To avoid inbreeding 16.7
Age of the gilts 23.8
Usea a good quality boar 16.7
31.
32.
33. VC domain Problems %
U – U
Feeds are expensive 14.3
Susceptibility to diseases 14.3
Sows eat own piglets 14.3
R – U
Agalactia (lack of milk) 21.9
Sows eating own piglets 12.5
Feeds are expensive 9.4
R – R
Agalactia (lack of milk) 17.9
Piglet mortality 13.4
Sows eat own piglets 10.4
34. The use of crossbred and exotic animals has
increased in the last 10 years, but locals are
still important in the rural settings.
Exotic breeds are the most preferred in U-U.
whereas in the R-U and R-R exotic and
crossbreds are equally preferred
The attributes most valued by farmers are:
number of teats, body length, floppy ears and
fast growth. All three have higher positive
scores in the exotic and crossbred animals.
35. The main limiting factors for not using the
preferred breeds (exotic and crossbreds)
are: costs of animals, susceptibility to
diseases and the need for feeds to match
higher nutrient demands as well as
investment to provide appropriate housing
facilities.