Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
Interior Design History and Career Overview
1. GROUP MEMBERS : LILLIAN TAN AI JUN ALAN CHUNG JIAZEN NG WYN JANE LEE KAILYN NGIENG TIEN YUNG OOI YIN JI
TUTOR : MISS NOORUL IFFA MOHD NAYAN
WHAT IS
INTERIOR
DESIGN ?
HISTORY
WHITE SPADE
SDN. BHD.
LAU JING CHENG
3D
VISUALISATION
COSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
SERAI SAUJANA
2. WHAT IS INTERIOR DESiGN ?
Interior design is the art or process of
designing the interior decoration of a room
or building. An interior designer is
someone who coordinates and manages
such projects. Interior design is a
multifaceted profession that includes
conceptual development, communicating
with the stakeholders of a project and the
management and execution of the design.
3. According to Mr JC Lau, “style, color, mood,
harmony, contrast, comfort, convenience and
fit are likely to come to mind when
considering a new design. Interior design
concerns itself with more than just the visual
or ambient enhancement of an interior space,
however. It seeks to optimize and harmonize
the uses to which the interior environment
will be put.”
4. " As an interior designer, it's not just about
picking out colors and fabrics to make a space
more beautiful; interior designers also have to
concern themselves with everything that needs
to take place in order to meet a client’s needs
and make them happy. That means interior
designers must work on a strict deadline and
make sure all of the work is completed on time.
Facilitating all aspects of a project to ensure
success means that the interior designer must
deal with a number of key people in order to
accomplish what the designer and client
originally set out as important goals to be met
in creating a new design. "
What does it mean to
be an
Interior Designer ?
5. The designer must work with the painters,
wallpaper designers, electricians, furniture
manufacturers, fabric wholesalers and others as
needed to make the design process seem effortless
and stress free. This aspect of being an interior
designer is not well-known by those who are
considering becoming an interior designer. Unless
you personally know an interior designer or take
part in doing some informational interviewing,
there are many aspects of the job that are
unknown to those considering a profession in the
field.
6. " Interior design is about creating a
beautiful, comfortable space that makes
the best of what a home initially offers and
improving on those not-so-nice aspects like
poor natural lighting or funky room layout
that many homes have but few people
know how to work with this to make the
space more appealing. "
- JC Lau -
Creating a beautiful design...
7. "Beautiful homes don’t generally just
happen, they usually are created."
So, what are the things needed to be considered in
interior designing?
8. the Space
While designing the overall space of a home,
the individual rooms are one of the main thing
that an interior designer will consider . What
are the dimensions of the space and how was
it constructed are the key questions that an
interior designer will need to answer before
they can move on towards their next step.
What are the limitations of the space and what
is its potential? What will the space be used
for – relaxation, family, entertaining, or
business?
Is the space designated for entertainment and
family time such as a family room or is it a
place to pay bills and conduct business? Some
of the practical considerations that should be
considered are the lighting, the sound, seating
arrangements, and identifying other needs
such as requiring a place for storage and a
workspace that ideally stimulates the senses.
9. Health and safety concerns are also taken
into consideration when designing a specific
space or home. To address these needs the
designer must learn about the needs of its
inhabitants and identify what amenities
would be appropriate in better meeting the
client’s needs. Are there certain
psychological or behavioral needs of the
occupants that should be address in the
overall planning of the design and is there an
environmental impact on the way that the
design is created?
10. Interior Design VS Interior Decorating
What's the DIFFERENCE?
Many people use the terms "interior design" and "interior decorating"
interchangeably but although some of the functions may cross there is
a significant difference. Interior designers must be able to apply
creative solutions to the space they are trying to design. Interior
designers must have the technical expertise to know the vast array of
options that they can apply to any one space. The goal of an interior
designer is to work to improve the surroundings and the quality of life
of its occupants. Interior design is about both art and science and how
to use these two disciplines in creating a beautiful outcome.
11. Interior decorating is mainly about using
various forms of color and accents to make
a particular space more visually appealing.
Arranging objects such as art, photos,
pillows, floral arrangements and other
things that make the best of the space that
is already available. Interior decorating is
strictly about the art and the science is left
to the designer.
12. The HISTORYOf Interior Design
The Beginning
The earliest evidence dates back to when early
prehistoric humans first started to settle and
either found or built up stable communities using
elemental tools. Although the focus back then was
function and necessity, the fact that these cave
men used to decorate their dwellings with basic
drawings could lead us to believe that interior
design and looking after our homes is actually a
primal instinct as well as a sign of our intelligence.
Tribes to this day still use natural materials such as
wood, mud and animal skins to fashion themselves
a comfortable and functional home.
13. Egyptians, Greeks and Romans
Egyptians were known for their ornate murals which
acted at beautiful documents that detailed their
beliefs, history and way of life. Life was a mix of
stark parallels for the Ancient Egyptians. While many
workers lived in primitive houses, the magnificent
buildings they are best known for were usually for
one ruler or a royal family to signify their wealth and
to please their gods. This early civilisation set the
trend for superb, ornate interior design in the name
of religion which is still plays a big part in society
today.
After Ancient Egypt fell to the Romans and Greeks,
cities were drastically changed due to the Greek
and Roman tastes in architectural style. Democracy
and a more civilised way of life allowed normal
citizens to show their personal tastes through
interior design. The Greeks in particular employed
strict rules for constructing their massive, pillared
buildings and often used beautiful vases and
paintings in their homes.
14. Design progression in Europe
After these influential periods in history, other
distinctive design styles emerged in Europe,
particularly Gothic architecture alongside the
indulgent beauty seen during the Italian
Renaissance. Again, the focus for many large
scale buildings was based around religion with
carvings, tapestries and murals which stretched
over entire ceilings and walls. Beauty and
function were equally important.
18th and 19th centuries
From Baroque’s artistic exaggeration to the
industrial revolution to Art Deco and Art Nouveau,
interior design opened up to the common man, as
fashion magazines and prints hit the shelves
during the industrial revolution. Interior design
was influenced by a mixture of styles from around
the world as travel became more accessible. This
eventually led to the age of eclecticism which
drew these styles together to create personality
and character.
15. 20th and 21st century
Modernism and post-modernism soon
followed. Designers became famous
faces rather than behind the scenes
workers. As countries recovered from
war, there was a return to prosperity
and a large influx in suburban sprawls.
More people started to indulge in
interior design as a form of escapism
and personal interest. Makeover shows
such as Changing Rooms also started to
influence our homes and old, vintage
styles were starting to be revived.
Today, it can be fair to say that we are
still in an eclecticism era, as old vintage
continues to be teamed with modern
features. After thousands of years of
groundwork, people can now play and
experiment with a whole host of styles
to create their perfect homes. Rather
than uniformity, interior design is now
fast paced with seasonal trends and
forecasts for the coming year.
16.
17. White Spade Sdn. Bhd., an interior design
studio and company started in 2012,
which has already been 2 years until now,
2014. “ It all started from a scratch, just
like a piece of white paper, waiting to be
filled and coloured with sparkles and
shines, ” said the director of White Spade
Sdn Bhd., Mr. JC Lau when he was asked
about the meaning behind the name
given to his company.
18. The logo is made out of the alphabet ‘W’ and
‘S’, the ‘S’ is enlarged so that it looks like a
spade. As for the background, which is white in
colour, it means clean and pure, allowing
creativity and brainstorming to run as wild as
one can. While the word “Spade”, “it’s just like
a digger, we want to dig deeper, and go as deep
as we can to the bottom ground and build a
base, a foundation, which is strong enough to
maximize each and every interior designer’s
creativity in our company,” said Mr. JC Lau.
19. DIRECTOR
Mr JC Lau
PARTNERSHIP
Mr Awang
DRAWING TEAM
- Consists of 10
workers
- Produce rough
sketch according to
client’s
requirements
- Present sketch
and conceptual
drawing for clients
DESIGNING
TEAM
- Consists of 10
workers
- Produce 3D
visualization
- In charged in
material & colour
selection
FINANCIAL
TEAM
- Consists of 10
workers
- Control the
finance & budget of
the company
- Manage the
expenses of the
company
ORGANISATION CHART
20. Although it has only been 2 years of
operation and business, but White Spade
had accepted and accomplished around 20-
30 or more projects from different
backgrounds, such as the residential area,
mini shoplot, single rooms, furniture design
and a 18-storey-hotel-building. Check out
the photos of the completed projects
below and be prepared to be amazed by
their simple yet stylish and stunning design
!
22. A trigonometry design of the
triangular lighting that matches
with the chair, giving it a sparks
of uniqueness out of a
simplicity and grey tone
surrounding.
23. The Sombre Tone
Grey is most favored by modern designers.
Concrete, stainless and flagstones --- natural grey
materials. Why the grey tone ? Modernists believe
that only dull colours in the absence of furnishings
can show the true beauty of the space and best
serve the functionality. In Tadao Andro’s theory, the
first thing the eyes come into contact with is plain
concrete wall. The same goes for the interios-
natural coloured floor showing light veins, huge
windows with black frames, and furniture of grey
cotton and wood. The entire created space is
unadorned and spacious.
“Let the space speaks for
itself ”
- JC Lau -
People are welcomed to discover the beauty of a
building without ostentatious influences --- a
typical modernistic style.
24. Whatis the GOALof White Spade ?
“ Our goal is to apply and promote healthy
practice, that is to have the core of ethics and
business morality rather than focusing on the
profits that we could make. Besides, we respect
every designer’s ideas, concept and perceptions,
as design is always something unique, flexible
and free, something that is out of the box, not
just squares and circles. Also, our company would
definitely wish to have more and more young and
hot blood that has the potential, passion,
dedication and determination in interior
designing. ”
25. “ We haven’t got any awards or
achievements so far, we’re still in the
progress of strengthening our skills in
drawings, designing, exploring,
generating and developing more ideas
and concepts that is practical and at the
same time attractive and interesting
enough to sell it to not only the locals
but also all over the world. We’ll keep
working hard and give our best shots to
all the opportunities given. ”
“SUCCESSis where preparation and opportunity meet,
so, yeah, that’s kind of like our slogan, spirit and motivation to never stop trying to improve
and make ourselves BETTER.”
26. Lau Jing Cheng
Born in Malaysia (Penang) in 1987;
Graduated in Interior Design from
Raffles Design Institute in 2007. Started
working after spending 2 months
looking for vacancy. His first working
company was Unit One, an interior and
architectural studio at Solaris Dutamas.
Four years later, he left the company
and began planning to start his own
business in 2012 at Petaling Jaya.
27. Finally, he founded his own Design
Agency in 2013, given the name
‘White Spade’ with meaning and
stories to tell behind it. At the age of
only 26, Mr. JC Lau is now working as
the director of White Spade Sdn. Bhd.,
handling projects not only from the
residential area but also hotels, bars,
restaurant and trendy shops.
28. 3D VISUALISATION BY WHITESPADE
To give clients a better understanding of how the project outcome will be.
“As much as the 3D rendering is essential to
most of the clients, I do know of a few
designers who do not provide 3D renderings
to client as they are able to sell their design
intent without them. Unlike most designers
who sell styling or aesthetic, these particular
designers go downright to the core and sell
what is deemed the most important aspect of
design - spatial quality and programmatic
design.”
-JC LAU-
30. RESIDENTIAL PROJECT
Mr. JC Lau pointed out that residential
projects are much more challenging
than commercial projects because
residential project may take a longer
time, in which about 6 months to 1
year for completion. Also, the work
needed to be done after construction
actually take quite some time to
ensure that everything is completely
fine and perfect in their position,
because some clients may be picky
and particular on certain aspects as
they usually will check through all the
tiny pieces of work and go asking for
changes and improvement to be
made. Besides, when it comes to a
daily affair, most often find
inconvenience as their lifestyle doesn't
seem to go with their desired design
of the space. “A lot of changes needed
to be made to fit their requirements.
And those changes seem endless
sometimes,” said JC Lau.
31. COMMERCIAL PROJECT
As for commercial projects, Jc Lau had highlighted that there is always a hierarchy in the field. The tough part for this
kind of project would be the need to be approved by a few consultants, not just one, for their drawings and all their
work. They'd have to get the approvals from several parties before they can finally begin the construction.
32. Residential Project
RM 150 per square feet
Commercial Project
RM 200 – RM 250 per square feet
RANGE
OF
COST
33. JC Lau has completed quite a number of
projects which is of different nature and
background. However, the major one
would be for residential and commercial.
For example, the double-storey house at
Serai Saujana, Shah Alam (residential),
and Puteri Pacific Hotel (commercial).
34. SERAI SAUJANA
Project Description
This is one of the houses
located at Serai Saujana,
Shah Alam, Selangor, a
double-storey house.
WhiteSpade took charge for
the interior design of this
house and completed it in
year 2013.
35. Client : Tn. Haji Rozan b. Mohd Sa’at
THE PUTERI PACIFIC HOTEL
Project Description
Puteri Pacific Hotel is located at Johor Bahru, Malaysia, in the heart of the city’s bustling commercial, shopping and
administrative centre. It is a four-star hotel which is wholly and specially designed by White Spade.
There are 500 city
or straits-view
guestrooms and
other leisure
facilities such as
the swimming
pool, saunas, spa
and fully-equipped
gymnasium. The
grand opening of
The Puteri Pacific
Hotel was on
2012.
36. THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF AN INTERIOR DESIGNER
“There're basically five design phases in a project and for each phases, we do have different roles to play and responsbilities to be
taken in order to ensure that the project could be completed without any disruption,” said JC Lau.
Design Phases :
i. Concept & Schematic Design
ii. Drawings & Documentations
iii. Tender & Awarding
iv. Project Implementation
v. Defect Rectification & Handover
37. i. Concept & Schematic Design phase
JC Lau would have to meet up with the clients to understand
the project brief, requirements and also, the main concern of
all, the budget and cost limit stated down by the clients. With
all that taken into account, he will then have to prepare a story
board or presentation slides to sell his design ideas to the
clients. Basically, it includes some reference photos, simple
layout plan which is to ensure that the spaces are workable,
some rough sketches and also a few samples of the material
planning to be used. And finally, 3D rendering is also involved,
to give the clients an overall visual impression of the space
designed.
48. ii. Drawing & Documentations
After obtaining the approval for the conceptual design and
plan, JC Lau, together with his studio team will then begin with
the construction drawings which comprises various plan
drawing such as the layout of the space, the design for the
ceiling, mechanical and electrical system for the electrical
appliances such as the fan and lighting, the interior elevation
and section drawing, and also drawings that includes all the
construction details. JC Lau emphasized that it is essential that
an interior designer provide accurate dimensions and
specifications as all costing will be calculated based on all
these drawings.
54. In the mean time, JC Lau will have to prepare
documents such as the loose furniture sheets,
material selection sheets, fabric and colours sheets
and etc to provide various choices and better
options for the clients to decide on their desired
design. Later then, he will start contacting with the
material suppliers in order to obtain some samples
and catalogues for items which specialized in
certain material selection. Besides, all the drawings
prepared by the interior designer will be submitted
to the clients so as to get their approval.
55. ITEM QTY RATE AMOUNT
(RM)
1.
2.
3.
Bill Of Quantities
To :
Approved by,
__________________
White Spade Sdn. Bhd.
iii. Tender & Awarding
Upon obtaining the approval from the
clients, JC Lau explain that he will proceed
to prepare the tender documents based on
all the drawings and paperwork, namely Bill
of Quantities (BQ) and Tender Contract. He
will contact with a few Main Contractors
which are potentially reliable, and send
them invitation for the participation in the
tender. JC Lau will also conduct a briefing
and tender interview sessions individually
with each contractors where each of them
will be handed all the drawings and
important documents.
56. Within two weeks, the main contractors will
submit their quotations to the interior
designer for comparisons of prices to be
made. JC Lau will then analyze the prices and
cost based on the quotations, following which
he will submit the comparison report to the
clients, along with recommendation towards
selection of main contractors. Once the
clients have finalized his/her decision, the
Letter of Award will be prepared to the
selected main contractor.
57. iv. Project Implementation
The nominated main contractor will commence
work on site and begin the construction process.
The interior designer also has to conduct periodical
site visits, in order to ensure the work is done
according to what they have planned and designed.
At this juncture, clients might request for certain
design changes, reduction on cost, additional items
and other requirements of which an interior
designer will need to attend to, so as to ensure their
work progress in a smooth flow and to complete
everything before the given deadline.
58. v. Defect Rectification & Handover
Construction work is normally completed two weeks
before the handover date and in common cases, the work
may not be perfect. So, the interior designer will conduct
site inspection sessions, in which he will walk through the
entire site to find out the flaws and errors. Then, he will
prepare a defect list with instructions to be delivered to
the main contractors so that they are able to carry out
rectification work accordingly and also, have them
completed everything before the handover date. Finally,
the site will be handed over to the client to commence
their business or to be operated for personal use.
59. Questions &
Answers
2. Detail design usually determine the
overall effect, and what is your attitude
toward this?
The practice of working on good detailing is
essential to both the design and the previous point
on sustainability. Design that are detailed and well
built will last longer and hence become more
efficient for the user. Leaving detailing up to the
construe is a disaster but one must work as a team
on-site to acknowledge now and again that what
seemed to be right on the screen could be improved
in the one-to-one environment.
1. "Crossover”is very popular in different
design areas nowadays , and what is
your view towards this and are there
such design elements in your works ?
Our definition of “ crossover ” is the ability to
delve into all areas of design such as interiors,
architecture, product design, graphic design etc.
Although our practice predominantly focuses on
interior design , we have been crossing over
into the areas of architecture and product
design. This has been an exciting new journey
that is not only producing various opportunity ,
but also expanding the creative part of the
company. We also found that it is to keep the
practice fresh and ever-solving. A good designer
should be able to traverse into many different
areas. We have been working on a range of rugs
, a lounge collection and a complete timber
based furniture collection.
60. 3. How can you deal with the different
opinions between your design and your
client’s demand ?
As practitioners, we always try to proactively
expand the rules of business development for
our firm . We have cultivated relationships with
the developers and also independent sources of
financing, giving us a greater degree of control
over both our projects in general, increasing the
likelihood of realisation. We have acted as
developers ourselves for both affordable
housing and interiors.
4. How can you balance the practical and
artistic feature of the interior space ?
This can be done by studying the setting, and
the past, tradition and the product you wish to
sell clientele and committing. Some disregard
the importance of these elements that form the
pillars of the design. Structuring the space
according to its setting, then decorate it with
items of local price, and later hint of the
clientele. One rule we should consider about is
to NEVER impose your “ fashionable ” design on
those who have a traditional way of life.
5. As a successful designer ,in your
opinion, what professional quality
is a must ?
Passion, commitment and integrity are
some of them. A good designer is a
passionate person who would listen to
the client’s demand, ides or expectation.
It is very important to set the design
concept towards the right direction. In the
design process, designer should make the
client’s acquainted with what is going on
and how to solve the current problems. A
good designer should be responsible for
his client’s , and should design the best,
sustainable, healthy and enjoyable
project. In addition, a good designer
should give his client’s the precise
information in order for them to know
how the process is going on.
