This is the hist ppt for chap 7 ^^

1. Chapter 7: How Did The Locals Respond to the British Rule After WWII?  Members: Charmaine, Esther, Francesca, Grace, Li Yuan

2. In This Presentation… The response of the local people to British rule. Steps taken by the British government to prepare Singapore for limited self- government.

3. Post-War Conditions These conditions affected the response of the locals.

4. Post-War Conditions Joblessness – Poverty Shortage of food, water, electricity and housing. Lived in slum conditions. Diseases – Overcrowding living conditions, poor sanitation and lack of health services. British tried to solve the problems but some of their efforts were inadequate.

5. How did the post war conditions affect response of local people to British rule? Difficult conditions caused workers (from port, factories, transport, business) to go on strikes and caused many work stoppages. Strikes took place so often that many people remembered it as ‘The Year of Strikes’. More than 300 strikes held by 70 000 workers in that year.

6. Strikes became worse with the involvement of the Malayan Communist Party (MCP). The Communists stirred up the people’s feelings against the British through the trade unions. In 1947, the British government passed a law requiring all unions to register with the government to control trade unions. The locals were angry that the British failed to protect Singapore after ruling Singapore for over 100 years. Though reluctant, the British realized that they have to introduce gradual change.

7. Poor living conditions

8. RIOTS IN THE 1950’s Maria Hertogh Riots & The Anti-National Service Riots

9. #1: Maria Hertogh Riots

12. #2 Anti-National Service Riots Caused by National Service Ordinance 18-20 yr old males had to register by May 1954 for National Service. Those who failed to do so would be either jailed or fined.

13. Anti-National Service Riots Most of the secondary school students were 20 years old or above as their education had been disrupted by war. Not willing to defend the colonial government which ignored the Chinese students’ interests.

14. The Response of the Local to the Rendel Constitution

15. Introduction The riots in the 1950s showed that the locals were unpleased with the British. To appease the locals, the British decided to transfer some political power to locals. Sir George Rendel proposed that certain powers of the government be given to local leaders elected by the people.

16. Structure of the Government Under the Rendel Constitution British Government in London Governor Chief Minister + 6 elected ministers appointed from the 25 elected members of the Assembly) 3 nominated ministers who are British officials COUNCIL OF MINISTERS 3 British officials nominated by the Governor + 4 non-officials nominated by the Governor 25 elected non-officials LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

17. What did local ministers manage? Housing Trade & Industry Health Education

18. What did British officials manage? Internal Security External Defence Law Finance External Affairs

19. Why did the British retain control of the five aspects? Although the British gave the local people more power in 1955, they were still not ready to give up all their powers.

20. 1955 Elections

22. Both targeted Chinese speaking people

24. PAP Leader of PAP, Mr Lee Kuan Yew Great public speaker Presents difficult ideas in a simple manner. Called for all anti-colonial forces to cooperate in this struggle

25. Details Political parties visited houses, distributed pamphlets, newspapers, organized rallies & gave speeches to win the people’s support. 160,000 people voted.

26. 1955 Elections Labour Front won 10 out of the 25 seats People's Action Party (PAP), won 3 seats The Progressive Party won 4 seats

27. 1955 Elections UMNO-MCA won 3 seats The Democratic Party won 2 seats Three Independents won 3 seats respectively.

28. 1955 Elections David Marshall then became Singapore's first Chief Minister, with a coalition government made up of his own Labour Front, the Malayan Chinese Association and the United Malays National Organisation.

29. Branches of the government Executive Judiciary Legislative

30. Executive Executive branch of government is the part of government that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state bureaucracy. The division of power into separate branches of government is central to the idea of the separation of powers.

31. legislative In parliamentary systems of government, the legislature is formally supreme and appoints a member from its house as the prime minister which acts as the executive. In a presidential system, according to the separation of powers doctrine, the legislature is considered an independent and coequal branch of government along with both the judiciary and the executive.

32. judiciary The Judiciary explains and applies the laws. This branch does this by hearing and eventually making decisions on various legal cases.

33. References Secondary 2 History Textbook http://www.slideshare.net/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Hertogh_riots http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_549_2004-12-28.html http://www.singapore-elections.com/lega-1955-ge/ www.parliament.gov.sg www.wikipeadia.com

34. Thank you :D