LL Paperdam Paper standardisation-whiteness-colour gamut Wuhan 2014 11 11

Paper-standardization-whiteness-colour gamut Presentation to Wuhan University
Luc LAN
| 1 © The Paperdam Group Luc LANAT Paperdam Wuhan 2014 11 11

Luc LANAT
Paperdam Chairman and Convenor
ATIP Past President
Formerly Production and Process Manager
at Stora Enso Magazine Division and
Quality Director at Smurfit Condat
http://fr.linkedin.com/in/luclanat/
www.paperdam.org

Paperdam Scope
§ The objects of the foundation, hereinafter referred to as "Paperdam" are to contribute to the role of paper as a
product within international standardisation. The main working area, but not excluding other areas, is in the
graphic technology.
§ Paperdam acts as per ISO (International Organization for Standardization) Global Relevance Policy as
documented and published by ISO.
§ Paperdam can organize and sponsor exhibitions, conferences, studies or other activities within the scope of its
objects.
§ The following subjects shall not be discussed during any meetings or contacts on behalf of Paperdam:
1. Sales and purchase prices, including price changes or pricing policy.
2. Discounts, rebates, allowances or other factors affecting sales or purchase prices.
3. The commercial terms or conditions of sale or purchase.
4. Production output, capacity, capacity utilization rates or changes in output, capacity or capacity utilization rates.
5. Individualized sales/order figures or customer lists.
6. Production, marketing, Research and development or other costs.
7. Investments, production, product development or marketing polices or plans.
8. Research and development plans or results.
9. Stock levels.
10. Allocation of customers.
11. Sales territories.
12. Market sharing.
13. Sharing of sources of supply.
| © The Paperdam Group
3 Luc LANAT Paperdam Wuhan 2014 11 11

Paperdam Foundation contributors
october 2014
Contributors from 8 paper companies and FR ATIP members:
1. Jan ANDERSSON Holmen
2. Hans-J. DRENK Norske
3. Jouni MARTTILA SAPPI
4. Peter PETERMANN Stora Enso
5. Jan LINDSTRÖM UPM.
6. Thomas HERBST Leipa
7. Joan FONT Lecta
8. Carsten WIESE Steinbeis
§ ATIP Arjo-Wiggins, Papeteries de Clairefontaine
Stakeholders and Honorary :
1. Wilco de GROOT IGT, Convenor TC6-TC 130 JWG 39
2. Luc LANAT Convenor and Chairman of Paperdam Foundation, past ATIP President

Summary for to-day
§ ISO 15397 Communication of Graphic paper properties
– Which paper properties ? Why ? How reached ?
§ Some topics
– Light sources D 50-D 65
– Whiteness depends of light source
– Colour Gamut depends of paper type
§ The paper world, who are the players ?
§ Last word on Standardization. See ISO PTR 19300

ISO 15397 journey
§ NWIP 15397 proposed sept 2009
§ ISO 15397 published on Feb 3, 2014
§ Developed by TC 130 WG 4
§ Edited by Paperdam working group
§ Reviewed by / presented to:
– TC 6
– ERA (European Rotogravure Association)
– ECI European Color Initiative
– CIE Comité International Eclairage

INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Graphic technology — Communication
of graphic paper properties
Technologie graphique — Communication des propriétés des papiers
graphiques
ISO
15397
First edition
2014-02-01

ISO/FDIS 15397:2013(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
2 Normative references ......................................................................................................................................................................................1
͵ ‡”•ƒ††‡ϐ‹‹–‹‘• .....................................................................................................................................................................................2
4 List of required criteria for communication of paper properties .....................................................................5
5 ISO standards related to required criteria ................................................................................................................................6
5.1 Sampling and general information useful for technical communication ............................................. 6
5.2 Brand name and paper mill ......................................................................................................................................................... 6
5.3 Grammage ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.4 Bulk and/or thickness ...................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.5 Roughness for evaluation of surface properties ........................................................................................................ 7
5.6 Gloss ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
ͷǤ͹ ’ƒ…‹–› ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.8 Brightness and whiteness of unprinted paper ............................................................................................................ 8
5.9 Colour measurement of paper white point in printing conditions (D50/2°) ................................... 9
5.10 Colour measurement of unprinted paper in outdoor conditions (D65/10°) ................................10
5.11 Supported colour gamut in the context of prepress design ..........................................................................10
5.12 Fluorescence in the context of prepress ........................................................................................................................10
ͷǤͳ͵ –‘”ƒ‰‡…‘†‹–‹‘•ǡ‹ϐŽ—‡…‡‘ˆƒ‰‹‰ƒ†–‡•–‹‰…‘†‹–‹‘•ˆ‘”’”‘‘ϐ‹‰•—„•–”ƒ–‡• ........11
5.14 Bending resistance (bending stiffness) for Sheet-Fed Offset printing substrates .....................11
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................12

ISO 15397 Scope
104 Graphic Technology — Communication of graphic paper
105 properties xxxx updated after comments on DIS, to be
106 proposed at Shenzhen for FDIS stage version 2013 03 22 after
107 ATIP WG and Paperdam meeting and CN TCGxxxxx
108 1 Scope
109 This International Standard specifies the list of paper substrate relevant properties to be communicated
110 between the paper and the printing industries.
111 This International Standard is applicable to papers intended to be printed in rotogravure, cold-set web offset,
112 heat-set web offset, sheet-fed offset, and flexographic printing processes and to proofing substrates.
113 Where multiple measures exist the preferred procedure and its International Standard is defined.
114 All measuring methods of properties specified in this International Standard are described in ISO Standards.
115 2 Normative references
116 The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
117 references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
118 document (including any amendments) applies.
119 ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality
120 ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps — Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for
121 monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples

Paperdam understanding on how to
use ISO 15397
§ QUOTE OF INTRODUCTION (1)
§ This International Standard is intended to improve communication
between the graphic papermaking industry and the printing industry
based on their need to be able to produce quality printing. Paper
properties and how they are measured are presented and their use
in the printing context is described.
§ This International Standard describes data to be provided for
reliable printing. A substrate description can be assessed to be in
conformance with this International Standard, not a substrate itself.

QUOTE OF INTRODUCTION (2)
§ Printing press settings depend on paper grade, and several paper
properties are required in order to define a grade.
§ Paper measurement standards developed within ISO/TC 6 are
referenced in this International Standard. They were mainly used to
develop paper industry test methods and allow the papermaking
processes to be reproducible and reliable within paper mills. It is
advisable that paper purchasing specifications be based on paper
industry standards. This recommendation also applies to paper
proofing substrates. Special requirements for paper substrates for
the reliable production of printed products need to be
communicated on the basis of standards developed by ISO/TC 6
whenever possible.

§ The evaluation of colour of the unprinted paper is critical to define
prepress white point settings. This measurement can be performed
with either diffuse:0° integrating sphere instruments (papermakers’
equipment) or 45°:0° instruments (printers’ equipment). Results are
often close if the UV calibration is performed correctly. This
International Standard specifies 45°:0° instruments (printers’
equipment) to perform this evaluation as per ISO 13655, because of
their wide availability at printers' facilities.
§ For the evaluation of printed colours, measurement devices are
developed according to ISO 13655 which differ from the colour
measurement devices which conform to ISO 2469 and ISO 5631-1,
ISO 5631-2 and ISO 5631-3. The latter type of instrument is used
within paper mills for quality evaluation during paper manufacturing
and unprinted paper colour evaluation.

§ Properties linked to the printing process (e.g. dimensions, blistering
and picking resistance in offset, missing dots in gravure) are not
described in this International Standard, since they are implicitly
needed when purchasing the paper meant for this printing process.
§ Properties that are not based on ISO standards are not described
here.
§ The bibliography lists basic references in graphic technology
standards,[1][2] Paper and board standards,[3] previously published
references,[4] commercial classifications,[5] conditions of sale,[6] and
reference lists of printing characterization data publicly available.[8]

Paperdam understanding on how to
use ISO 15397
§ Companies can use ISO15397 as guidance for implicit customer
requirements in the sense of ISO 9000 series.
§ Clause 4 is titled «List of required criteria for communication of paper
properties». This list of properties communicated may relate to a product
family or a specific brand named product. The recommended wording is
« List of properties as per ISO 15397 criteria ».
§ A « company » as such cannot claim to be in conformance with this
standard or compliant to ISO 15397.
§ Third parties may assess conformance of communication to ISO 15397.
§ Companies may choose to use it for its communication or not, meaning that
the list of properties communicated will be conforming to ISO 15397 list of
required criteria or not.
§ As any other ISO standard, ISO 15397 is of voluntary application.

OPTICS paper versus printing

Optical standards paper and printers.
§ TC 6 standards series were developped to fulfill needs of
papermaking industry to supply the top white grades. To evaluate
and produce consistently these papers you need :
– illuminant D 65 with the daylight UV content.
– equipment d/0°.
§ Indoor viewing conditions refer to illuminant C.
§ TC 130 standards series is based on :
– printer illuminant D 50.
– equipment 45°/0° or 0°/45°.

Illuminants definitions
§ D 50 « indoor illumination »
– horizon light, warm daylight at sunrise or sunset (5000°K)
§ D 65 « outdoor daylight »
– noon overcast daylight (6500°K)
§ C « indoor daylight »
– average or north sky daylight (6770°K)
§ 200
D 75 overcast nordic daylight (7500°K)
180
160
140
C
Power
120
Spectral 100
80
D65
60
40
D50
20
0
Wavelength, nm 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
D50 D65 C

Calculations
§ Paper
– Measure diffuse reflectance factor with equipments in
conformance with ISO 2469.
– Calculate ISO Brightness, D65 Brightness, CIE Whiteness
indoor, CIE Whiteness oudoor, CIELAB colour in D50/2°
observer or C/2° observer or D65/10° observer illumination
conditions with Xenon light source.
§ Printing
– Measure spectral reflectance factor in conformance with ISO
13655, which includes calculations of CIELAB in D50 with M0
(illuminant A), M1 (illuminant D50), M2 (illuminant D50 UVex) or
M3 (polarized) conditions with incandescent light source.

Relative spectral power distribution of standard CIE illuminants versus
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
wavelenth in nm (nanometers). Source CIE 15:2004.
0
300
315
330
345
360
375
390
405
420
435
450
465
480
495
510
525
540
555
570
585
600
615
630
645
660
675
690
705
720
735
750
765
780
Standard Illuminant A Standard Illuminant D65
Illuminant C Illuminant D50
Illuminant D55 Illuminant D75
Illuminant ID 65 CIE 184-2009

ISO 2469
ISO 13655

Different instruments in paper industry and
graphics industry
 ISO 2469
 D/0°+ gloss trap + UV conditions
– for visual predictions
 Large aperture + UV conditions –
for process control and trade
specification
 Calibration system for trade
 D/0°– for optical modelling
 ISO 13655
 45°/0°or 0°/45°– for visual
predictions
 Polarisation conditions– for
process control
 45°/0°or 0°/45°+ Small
aperture – to fit sample size

ISO 2469
D/0°double beam
Integrating sphere
Reference port
Reference
detection system
Baffel
Sample
Illumination system (Xe)
Detection
system
UV absorption filters
Gloss
trapp

UV-conditions
Xe flash lamp + filters
 UV(full) — Unfiltered xenon flash lamp
 UV(D65) — UV content corresponding to std illuminant D65
 UV(C) — UV content corresponding to illuminant C
 UVex(420) — Fluorescence exclusion filter used
 UVex(395) — UV exclusion filter used
 UVex(300) — UVB exclusion filter used

Summary ISO 13655 instrument
 Calibration
 Illimination D50
– Often tungsten instead
 400–700 nm or better
 Band pass = wavelength pitch = 10 nm
 Calculation must be adapted to band pass
 Black backing D=1.5±0.2 or white backing L* 92
 45°/0°or 0°/45°– ISO 5-4
 Measurement aperture depending on application

ISO 13655
45°/0°and 0°/45°
!#$%!$%'
()*+,'-#./0
1##2
/+#1$,#
%0,0/,#
!#$%!$%'
()*+,'-#./0
%0,0/,#
1##2
/+#1$,#
broadband
light source
broadband
light source
monochromator
and detector
monochromator
and detector

Calibration
 Paper industry
– Absolute
– Rigid calibrations chain
– Includes UV adjustment
– Standards are issued every month
– Most industry laboratories subscribe reference standards
according to their recalibration schedule
 Graphics industry
– Traceable to national laboratory

Reference Standard for calibration of spectral reflectance factors

Reference Standard for the adjustment of the UV conditions
UV(D65) and UV(C)

When to use what ?
§ Colour Management is a printing issue and is D50 world.
– Colour calculations and references should thus refer to it.
– Papermakers willing to fullfill ISO 15397 will provide CIELAB
coordinates in D50 to set up the white point of colour
management files.
§ Visual evaulation of paper depends of the environment.
– In office and houses, C illumination is closest.
– ISO Brightness or D65 Brightness, depending of paper markets
is quite suited to evaluate unprinted « white » paper.
– Whiteness is most complete concept to fine-tune ranking of
unprinted papers.

Colour Gamut
§ Achievable Colour Gamut depends of printing process and printing
conditions.
– Does not depend of paper shade only.
– Depends on surface, then to L* values and then to shade (or
fluorescence thus).
§ For each printing process:
– 10 to 12 printing process settings and thus characterization data
are needed corresponding to 10 to 12 paper types.

Paper market
§ See Stora Enso Investor kit page 23+
– Strategy for which markets?
– Where are the forests
– Where are the mills ?
§ See UPM Investors presentation october 2014 page 46+
– Markets
– Demand, capacities and pricing situation
– Who are the players?

Please visit our website
for more information
www.paperdam.org

LL Paperdam Paper standardisation-whiteness-colour gamut Wuhan 2014 11 11

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