1. MADE BY :- VEER SINGH
GRADE VIII C
SANSKAR SCHOOL

2.  Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the
natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution
can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as
noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of
pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or
naturally occurring contaminants. Pollution is often
classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution.
 A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water or
soil. Three factors determine the severity of a pollutant: its
chemical nature, the concentration and the persistence.

4. AIR POLLUTION AND ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS
 Air pollution:- the release of chemicals and particulates
into the atmosphere. Common gaseous pollutants include
carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs) and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor
vehicles. Photochemical ozone and smog are created as
nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react to sunlight.
 Air pollution is harmful as it has a significant risk factor
for multiple health conditions including respiratory infections,
heart disease, and lung cancer, according to the WHO. The
health effects caused by air pollution may include difficulty in
breathing, wheezing, coughing and aggravation of existing
respiratory and cardiac conditions. These effects can result
in increased medication use, increased doctor or emergency
room visits, more hospital admissions and premature death.

5. SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION:- NATURAL AND
MAN-MADE
 MAN MADE:-
 "Stationary Sources" include smoke stacks of power plants, manufacturing
facilities (factories) etc.
 "Mobile Sources" include motor vehicles, marine vessels, aircraft and the
effect of sound etc.
 Chemicals, dust and controlled burn practices in agriculture and forestry
management.
 Fumes from paint, hair spray, varnish, aerosol sprays and other solvents
 Waste deposition in landfills, which generate methane.
 Military, such as nuclear weapons, toxic gases, germ warfare and rocketry.
 NATURALLY MADE:-
 Dust from natural sources, usually large areas of land with little or no
vegetation
 Methane, emitted by the digestion of food by animals, for example cattle
 Radon gas from radioactive decay within the Earth's crust.
 Smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires
 Vegetation, in some regions, emits environmentally significant amounts of
VOCs on warmer days.
 Volcanic activity, which produce sulfur, chlorine, and ash particulates

7. WATER POLLUTION AND SOURCES
• Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies. Water
pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or
indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to
remove harmful compounds.
• SOURCES ARE:-
POINT SOURCES ARE FACTORIES, MINES AND POWER PLANTS.
NON-POINT SOURCES INCLUDE POLLUTION FROM GARDENS,
STREETS, ETC.
DOMESTIC SEWAGE IS THE UNTREATED SEWAGE WHICH RUNS
INTO LAKES AND RIVERS.
INDUSTRIAL INFLUENTS ARE BREWERIES, TANNERIES AND
DYING.
AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGE INCLUDE FERTILISERS AND
PESTICIDES.
OIL SPILLS ARE THE LEAKAGE OF PETROLEUM INTO THE SEA.

8. CONSERVE WATER
• The 3r’s must be adopted which are – reduce, reuse
and recycle.
• Conserve forest and plant trees.
• Adopt water harvesting technique.
• Close tap while brushing.
• Us bucket instead of shower.
• Use bucket to wash car instead of pipe.
• Water plants before or after sunset as it reduces the
rate of evaporation .

9. CONTROL OF AIR AND
WATERPOLLUTION
 Automobiles should be checked.
 Lead free petrol should be used.
 Automobiles should work on CNG.
 Switch to fuels like solar energy, hydropower and wind
energy instead of fossil fuels.
 Domestic sewage is 99.9 percent pure water, while the
other 0.1 percent are pollutants. Although found in low
concentrations, these pollutants pose risk on a large
scale. In urban areas, domestic sewage is typically
treated by centralized sewage treatment plants.
 Animal excreta must be used in gas plants.
 Wastes must not be thrown in open drains.
 If oil slick if formed in lake it must be skimmed of as soon
as possible.
 Solid organic waste must not be thrown in water bodies
but can be used in biogas plants.

10. Veer singh