water sni (substitution nucleophilic internal) . sn2 (substitution nucleophilic bimolecular) sn1 (substitution nucleophilic unimolecular) nucleophilic substitution reactions nuclear magnetic spectra proton-coupled and proton decoupled 13c spectra. 13 c-nmr gas phase synthesis of nanomaterials sol-gel process nanomaterials definition of bioleaching microorganisms used in bioleaching chemistry of bioleaching waste water treatment particulate matter air pollution microwave synthesis microwave assisted organic reactions green chemistry graphene oxide graphene graphite hummer's method sanitation of water microbiology agrobacteria plant cell
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