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1. CastingSpells
Whethera spell isarcane or divine,andwhetheracharacter preparesspellsinadvance orchoosesthem
on the spot,castinga spell worksthe same way.
ChoosingA Spell
Firstyou mustchoose whichspell tocast.If you’re a cleric,druid, experiencedpaladin,experienced
ranger,or wizard,youselectfromamongspellspreparedearlierinthe dayand not yetcast (see
PreparingWizardSpellsandPreparingDivine Spells).
If you’re a bard or sorcerer,youcan selectanyspell youknow,providedyouare capable of castingspells
of thatlevel orhigher.
To cast a spell,youmustbe able tospeak(if the spell hasa verbal component),gesture (if ithasa
somaticcomponent),andmanipulatethe material componentsorfocus(if any).Additionally,youmust
concentrate tocast a spell.
If a spell hasmultipleversions,youchoose whichversiontouse whenyoucast it.You don’thave to
prepare (orlearn,inthe case of a bard or sorcerer) a specificversionof the spell.
Once you’ve casta preparedspell,youcan’tcastit againuntil youprepare itagain.(If you’ve prepared
multiple copiesof asingle spell,youcancast each copyonce.) If you’re a bard or sorcerer,castinga spell
countsagainstyour dailylimitforspellsof thatspell level,butyoucancast the same spell againif you
haven’treachedyourlimit.
Concentration
To cast a spell,youmustconcentrate.If somethinginterruptsyourconcentrationwhile you’re casting,
youmust make a Concentrationcheckorlose the spell.The more distractingthe interruptionandthe
higherthe level of the spell youare tryingtocast, the higherthe DC is.If you fail the check,youlose the
spell justasif you hadcast itto no effect.
Injury

2. If while tryingtocast a spell youtake damage, youmustmake a Concentrationcheck(DC10 + pointsof
damage taken+ the level of the spell you’re casting).If youfail the check,youlose the spell without
effect.The interruptingeventstrikesduringspellcastingif itcomesbetweenwhenyoustartandwhen
youcomplete aspell (fora spell withacastingtime of 1 full roundormore) or if it comesinresponse to
your castingthe spell (suchasan attack of opportunityprovokedbythe spell oracontingentattack,
such as a readiedaction).
If you are takingcontinuousdamage half the damage isconsideredtotake place while youare castinga
spell.Youmustmake a Concentrationcheck(DC10 + ½ the damage that the continuoussource last
dealt+ the level of the spellyou’re casting).If the lastdamage dealtwasthe lastdamage that the effect
coulddeal thenthe damage isover,and it doesnotdistractyou.
Repeateddamage doesnotcountas continuousdamage.
Spell
If you are affectedbyaspell while attemptingtocast a spell of yourown,youmust make a
Concentrationcheckorlose the spell youare casting.If the spell affectingyoudealsdamage,the DCis
10 + pointsof damage + the level of the spell you’re casting.
If the spell interfereswithyouordistractsyouinsome otherway,the DC isthe spell’ssavingthrowDC+
the level of the spell you’re casting.Fora spell withnosavingthrow,it’sthe DCthat the spell’ssaving
throwwouldhave if a save were allowed.
Grapplingor Pinned
The onlyspellsyoucancast while grapplingor pinnedare those withoutsomaticcomponentsand
whose material components(if any) youhave inhand.Evenso,youmustmake a Concentrationcheck
(DC 20 + the level of the spell you’re casting) orlose the spell.
VigorousMotion
If you are ridingona movingmount,takinga bouncyride ina wagon,on a small boatin roughwater,
below-decksinastorm-tossedship,orsimplybeingjostledinasimilarfashion,youmustmake a
Concentrationcheck(DC10 + the level of the spell you’re casting) orlose the spell.

3. ViolentMotion
If you are ona gallopinghorse,takingaveryrough ride ina wagon,on a small boatin rapidsor ina
storm,on deckin a storm-tossedship,orbeingtossedroughlyaboutinasimilarfashion,youmustmake
a Concentrationcheck(DC 15 + the level of the spell you’recasting) orlose the spell.
ViolentWeather
You mustmake a Concentrationcheckif youtryto cast a spell inviolentweather.If youare ina high
windcarryingblindingrainorsleet,the DCis5 + the level of the spell you’recasting.If youare inwind-
drivenhail,dust,ordebris,the DCis 10 + the level of the spell you’re casting.Ineithercase,youlose the
spell if youfail the Concentrationcheck.If the weatheriscausedbya spell,use the rulesinthe Spel l
subsectionabove.
CastingDefensively
If you wantto cast a spell withoutprovokinganyattacksof opportunity,youmustmake aConcentration
check(DC 15 + the level of the spell you’recasting) tosucceed.Youlose the spell if youfail.
Entangled
If you wantto cast a spell whileentangledinanetor bya tanglefootbagorwhile you’re affectedbya
spell withsimilareffects,youmustmake aDC 15 Concentrationchecktocast the spell.Youlose the
spell if youfail.
Counterspells
It ispossible tocast anyspell asa counterspell.Bydoingso,youare usingthe spell’senergytodisrupt
the castingof the same spell byanothercharacter.Counterspellingworksevenif one spell isdivine and
the otherarcane.
How CounterspellsWork
To use a counterspell,youmustselectanopponentasthe targetof the counterspell.Youdothisby
choosingthe readyaction.Indoingso, youelecttowait to complete youractionuntil youropponent
triesto cast a spell.(Youmaystill move yourspeed,since readyisastandardaction.)

4. If the targetof yourcounterspell triestocast a spell,make aSpellcraftcheck(DC15 + the spell’slevel).
Thischeck isa free action.If the checksucceeds,youcorrectlyidentifythe opponent’sspellandcan
attemptto counterit.If the checkfails,youcan’tdo eitherof these things.
To complete the action,youmustthencast the correct spell.Asageneral rule,aspell canonlycounter
itself.If youare able to cast the same spell andyouhave it prepared(if youprepare spells),youcastit,
alteringitslightlytocreate acounterspell effect.If the targetiswithinrange,bothspellsautomatically
negate eachotherwithno otherresults.
CounterspellingMetamagicSpells
Metamagicfeatsare not takenintoaccountwhendeterminingwhetheraspell canbe countered
SpecificExceptions
Some spellsspecificallycountereachother,especiallywhentheyhave diametricallyopposedeffects.
Dispel Magicas a Counterspell
You can use dispel magictocounterspell anotherspellcaster,andyoudon’tneedtoidentifythe spell he
or she is casting.However,dispel magicdoesn’talwaysworkasa counterspell.
CasterLevel
A spell’spoweroftendependsonitscasterlevel,whichformostspellcastingcharactersisequal toyour
classlevel inthe classyou’re usingtocast the spell.
You can cast a spell ata lowercasterlevel thannormal,butthe casterlevel youchoose mustbe high
enoughforyouto cast the spell inquestion,andall level-dependentfeaturesmustbe basedonthe
same caster level.

5. In the eventthata class feature,domaingrantedpower,orotherspecial abilityprovidesanadjustment
to yourcaster level,thatadjustmentappliesnotonlytoeffectsbasedoncasterlevel (suchasrange,
duration,anddamage dealt) butalsoto yourcaster level checktoovercome yourtarget’sspell
resistance andtothe casterlevel usedindispelchecks(boththe dispel checkandthe DC of the check).
CasterLevel Checks
To make a casterlevel check,roll 1d20 and addyour casterlevel (inthe relevantclass).If the result
equalsorexceedsthe DC(or the spell resistance,inthe case of casterlevel checksmade forspell
resistance),the checksucceeds.
Spell Failure
If you evertry to cast a spell inconditionswhere the characteristicsof the spell cannotbe made to
conform,the castingfailsandthe spell iswasted.
Spellsalsofail if yourconcentrationisbrokenandmightfail if you’re wearingarmorwhile castingaspell
withsomaticcomponents.
The Spell’sResult
Once you knowwhichcreatures(orobjectsorareas) are affected,andwhetherthose creatureshave
made successful savingthrows(if anywere allowed),youcanapplywhateverresultsaspell entails.
Special Spell Effects
Many special spell effectsare handledaccordingtothe school of the spellsinquestionCertainother
special spell featuresare foundacrossspell schools.
Attacks
Some spell descriptionsrefertoattacking.All offensive combatactions,eventhose thatdon’tdamage
opponentsare consideredattacks.Attemptstoturnor rebuke undeadcountasattacks. All spellsthat
opponentsresistwithsavingthrows,thatdeal damage,orthat otherwise harmorhampersubjectsare
attacks. Spellsthatsummonmonstersorotheralliesare notattacksbecause the spellsthemselvesdon’t
harm anyone.

6. BonusTypes
Usually,a bonushasa type thatindicateshow the spell grantsthe bonus. The importantaspectof bonus
typesisthat twobonusesof the same type don’tgenerallystack.Withthe exceptionof dodge bonuses,
mostcircumstance bonuses,andracial bonuses,onlythe betterbonusworks(see CombiningMagical
Effects,below).The same principle appliestopenalties—acharactertakingtwoor more penaltiesof the
same type appliesonlythe worstone.
BringingBack the Dead
Several spellshave the powertorestore slaincharacterstolife.
Whena livingcreature dies,itssoul departs itsbody,leavesthe Material Plane,travelsthroughthe
Astral Plane,andgoesto abide onthe plane where the creature’sdeityresides.If the creature didnot
worshipa deity,itssoul departstothe plane correspondingtoitsalignment.Bringingsomeone back
fromthe deadmeansretrievinghisorhersoul and returningitto hisor herbody.
Level Loss
Anycreature broughtback to life usuallylosesone levelof experience.The character’snew XPtotal is
midwaybetweenthe minimumneededforhisorher new (reduced) levelandthe minimumneededfor
the nextone.If the character was 1st level atthe time of death,he or she loses2 pointsof Constitution
insteadof losingalevel.
Thislevel lossorConstitutionlosscannotbe repairedbyanymortal means,evenwishormiracle.A
revivedcharactercan regaina lostlevel byearningXPthroughfurtheradventuring.A revivedcharacter
whowas 1st level atthe time of deathcan regainlostpointsof Constitutionbyimprovinghisorher
Constitutionscore whenhe orshe attainsa level thatallowsanabilityscore increase.
PreventingRevivification
Enemiescantake stepsto make itmore difficultfora characterto be returnedfromthe dead.Keeping
the bodypreventsothersfromusingraise deadorresurrectiontorestore the slaincharacterto life.
Castingtrap the soul preventsanysortof revivificationunlessthe soul isfirstreleased.

7. RevivificationagainstOne’sWill
A soul cannotbe returnedtolife if itdoesnotwishtobe. A soul knowsthe name,alignment,andpatron
deity(if any) of the character attemptingtorevive itandmayrefuse toreturnon that basis.
CombiningMagical Effects
Spellsormagical effectsusuallyworkasdescribed,nomatterhow manyotherspellsormagical effects
happentobe operatinginthe same areaor onthe same recipient.Exceptinspecial cases,aspell does
not affectthe wayanotherspell operates.Wheneveraspell hasaspecificeffectonotherspells,the
spell descriptionexplainsthateffect.Several other generalrulesapplywhenspellsormagical effects
operate inthe same place:
StackingEffects
Spellsthatprovide bonusesorpenaltiesonattackrolls,damage rolls,savingthrows,andother
attributesusuallydonotstackwiththemselves.More generally,twobonusesof the same type don’t
stack evenif theycome fromdifferentspells(orfromeffectsotherthanspells;see BonusTypes,above).
DifferentBonusNames
The bonusesor penaltiesfromtwodifferentspellsstackif the modifiersare of differenttypes.A bonus
that isn’tnamedstackswithanybonus.
Same EffectMore than Once inDifferentStrengths
In caseswhentwoor more identical spellsare operatinginthe same areaor on the same target,but at
differentstrengths,onlythe bestone applies.
Same EffectwithDifferingResults
The same spell cansometimesproduce varyingeffectsif appliedtothe same recipientmore thanonce.
Usuallythe lastspell inthe seriestrumpsthe others.None of the previousspellsare actuallyremovedor
dispelled,buttheireffectsbecome irrelevantwhile the final spell inthe serieslasts.

8. One EffectMakes AnotherIrrelevant
Sometimes,one spellcanrendera laterspell irrelevant.Bothspellsare still active,butone hasrendered
the otheruseless insome fashion.
Multiple Mental Control Effects
Sometimesmagical effectsthatestablishmental control rendereachotherirrelevant,suchasa spell
that removesthe subjectsabilitytoact.Mental controlsthat don’tremove the recipient’sabilitytoact
usuallydonotinterfere witheachother.If acreature is underthe mental control of twoor more
creatures,ittendsto obeyeachto the bestof itsability,andtothe extentof the control each effect
allows.If the controlledcreature receivesconflictingorderssimultaneously,the competingcontrollers
mustmake opposedCharismacheckstodetermine whichone the creature obeys.
SpellswithOpposite Effects
Spellswithopposite effectsapplynormally,withall bonuses,penalties,orchangesaccruinginthe order
that theyapply.Some spellsnegate orcountereachother.Thisisa special effectthatisnotedina
spell’sdescription.
InstantaneousEffects
Two or more spellswithinstantaneousdurationsworkcumulativelywhentheyaffectthe same target.