Mr. Jun Chang presentation was entitled “Meeting Long-Term Water Demands for Houston and Surrounding Areas.” Mr. Chang is a Deputy Director, Public Works & Engineering Department at the City of Houston.

1. Meeting Long-Term Water
Demands for Houston and
Surrounding Areas
Jun Chang, P.E., D.WRE
Deputy Director
Department of Public Works and Engineering
City of Houston
Oct. 21, 2010

2. First, a brief history…

3. Scenic Houston circa 1891

4. Houston Water Works
• 1878: The Mayor and City Council franchised a
private contractor to build a water system (Houston
Water Works) taking water from Buffalo Bayou.
• Private artesian wells were the alternative to bayou
water. The Gulf Coast aquifer is Houston’s ground
water source. This aquifer was estimated to be the
third largest in the country, extending from Florida to
Mexico.
• Over the course of the next several decades
Houston Water Works converted to artesian water.
• 1906: The City purchased the Houston Water Works
to improve water quality and citizen’s service.

5. Houston Water System
• Early 1940’s Land Subsidence Benchmark re-leveling results
Baytown Area had subsided 3.2 feet
Texas City Area had subsided 1.6 feet
• The Houston Chamber of Commerce in 1947 commissioned a
systematic Regional Water Study to support Houston’s future
growth
• With the discovery that one of the major causes of land
subsidence was excessive ground water pumping; plus
anticipated population growth, Houston’s acquired surface
water sources and constructed dams with River Authorities:
Surface Water Reservoirs
1954 Lake Houston – dam on the San Jacinto River east fork
1969 Lake Livingston dam on Trinity River – southwest of Livingston
1973 Lake Conroe – dam on the San Jacinto River
2002 Land and water rights acquired for Allen’s Creek Reservoir

6. Houston Surface Water Supply - Reservoirs
Lake
Houston
Allen’s
Creek

7. Houston Water System
• Houston has also invested in surface water treatment
plants:
- 1953 East Water Purification Plant I
- 1985 East Water Purification Plant II
- 1989 Southeast Water Purification Plant - Original
- 2001 Southeast Water Purification Plant Expansion I
- 2005 Northeast Water Purification Plant – Phase I
- 2006 Northeast Water Purification Plant – Phase II
- 2011? Southeast Water Purification Plant Expansion II
• Regional Subsidence Districts established strict goals for
three Houston counties to convert predominant water
source of ground water to surface water
– 1975 Harris-Galveston Subsidence District
– 1989 Fort Bend Subsidence District
• Surface Water Conversion
– 1985 SWTP started

8. City of Houston Transmission Water Lines Constructed
SWTP $740 million spent from 1985 to present

9. Houston Water System
• Surface Water Treatment Facilities & Capacities
– East Water Plant - 350 MGD
– Southeast Water Purification Plant – 120 (200)
MGD
– Northeast Water Purification Plant – 80 MGD
• 7 Distribution Re-pump Stations
• Ground Water Facilities
– 134 Water Wells
– 58 Pumping Stations
– 98 Storage Tanks

10. Houston Water System
• Deliver annual (2009) average of 347 MGD
of water (Max. 585 MGD)
• Service 470,000 customer accounts
1,162,720 connections
2,940,000 residents
• Maintain 7,480 miles of water lines
• 54,000 Fire Hydrants
• 150,000 Valves

11. Let’s plan for the future…

12. Long Range Planning Considerations
Water Rights (Supply)
Demands (Customers) Conveyance System
(Raw Water)
Treatment and Pressurizing Transmission and Distribution
(Plants and Re-Pump Stations) (Treated Water)

13. What is the driving force?

14. Region H Water Planning Group
S.B. 1, 75th Legislature, defined state water planning
process
Sixteen regions in state
Region H: Parts or all of fifteen counties
Require Regional Water Plan by January 2001
Regional Water Plans become State Water Plan 2002
Regional Water Plan updated regularly
Current Planning Cycle (2007-2011)
(2007-
All projects requiring state approval or permits must be
included in State Water Plan after 2002
Board consists of 23 members appointed by Texas Water
Development Board (TWDB) representing eleven interests

15. Region H

17. Harris-
Harris-Galveston Subsidence District
Established in 1975 by 64th Legislature
The Board has 19 members (Mayor of
Houston appoints six members)
Issues permits to withdraw groundwater in
Harris / Galveston Counties
Proponent of active water conservation
programs
Latest Regulatory Plan adopted April 14, 1999
Three Regulatory Areas

18. Subsidence in Feet
1906 - 1995
Data Source: National Geodetic Survey
Contour Interpretations: HGCSD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6 9
6 10
3 4
5
8 9
1 2
7
6
5
4
4
3 6
2
1
HGCSD GWMP
Map contoured in 1 Foot Intervals

19. Area 3 Predicted Subsidence
1995 - 2030
4
3 5
2 4
3 2
1
5
5
4
5 3
3
3
2 2
1
Data Source: Fugro-McClelland CSD96
Contour Interpretations: HGCSD

20. Harris-Galveston Subsidence District
Surface Water Conversion Plan
Conversion Requirements
Area 3
• Area I 90%
• Area II 80%
• Area III
– 30% by 2010
– 70% by 2020 Area 2
– 80% by 2030
Area 1
COH 2009 Surface Water Conversion
Area I: 100%
Area II: 87%
Area III: 45%

21. City of Houston Surface Water Conversion

22. Who are our partners?

23. Strategic Suppliers, Resources & Alliances
Trinity River
Authority (Including Big 5)
Lake Livingston
Coastal Water
San Jacinto River Authority
Authority Conveyance canals,
Lake Conroe pumps & pipes
Galveston Bay
Brazos River
Fresh Water Inflows
Authority
Group
(Allens Creek)
Health of the Bay &
Wastewater Reuse
Texas Water
Development Board
Region H Planning &
Financing

24. Who are our customers?

25. COH Treated & Untreated Water Customers
Harris
County
MUDs
Commercial SE Plant
Industrial Co-Parts
COH Strategic
Houston Partners
Water
Citizens Water
Resources Authorities
Local
Large
Cities &
Industrial
Villages
Local
Cities
Treated Water Customers Untreated Water Customers

26. Strategic Customers
North Harris County
Water Authority
West Harris County
Central Harris County
Water Authority
Water Authority
Southeast WPP North Fort Bend County
Co-Participants Regional Water Authority

27. What are the future demands?

28. Houston Water Master Plan
Average Day Demand for City of Houston
1400
1200
1200 1080
Average Demand (MGD)
970
1000
840
800 715
646
600
400
200
0
1985 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Year Average Day Demand

29. Water Demand Forecast
COH 1996 Study
Water Demand Forecast
500
Demand using 9 - year regression TWDB
Demand using 13 - year regression Montgomery Watson
Actual Demand Modified TWDB
450 HGCSD/COH-UH
Water Demand MGD
400
350
300
1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 2020
Year

30. COH 2006 Updated Study
ARC Regression Method
Actual Historical Demand ARC Regression Line
450
430
410
390 Linear Regression
Flow (MGD)
370
350
330
310
290
270
250
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Year
Average Rate of Change (ARC) Method used for Regression Analysis
City’s Pumpage Reports was used from 1983 through 2005
Growth Factor calculated from this analysis is 1.01

31. City of Houston and Water Authorities Water Demand Projections

32. Do we have enough water?

33. Houston Water Supply
SURFACE WATER RIGHTS
San Jacinto River Basin
Lake Conroe 60 MGD
Lake Houston 150 MGD + 12 MGD* + 36MGD*
Trinity River Basin
Lake Livingston 806 MGD
Dayton Canal 34 MGD
Wallisville 34 MGD
Barbers Hill Canal 40 MGD
Brazos River
Allens Creek 62 MGD
Total Permitted Water Rights 1,234 MGD
Permit pending 143 MGD (Bayous)
519 MGD (Reuse)
AVAILABLE GROUND WATER 235 MGD Per Subsidence Rules
TOTAL WATER AVAILABLE 2,131 MGD
*Recently Permitted

34. TOTAL Surface Water Supply & Demand Forecast
2000
PENDING #5827 reuse +519 MGD
1800
1600
PENDING #5826 bayous +143 MGD
1400
San Jacinto Run of River +36 MGD
Million Gallons per Day
1200
Permitted Water Rights
Lk Conroe, Lk Houston,
Lk Livingston, Wallisville,
1000 Barber's Hill, Dayton Canal Pending Surface
and Allens Creek.
1197 MGD Water Contracts
800
600
City of Houston
400 Surface Water
Demand
200
0
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

35. Surface Water Rights
Approximately
1.2 Billion Gallons per Day

36. Allens Creek Reservoir
• Location
– 3000 feet upstream of Allens Creek
– near Wallis (southern tip of Austin County)
• History
– planned and permitted cooling lake
– Houston Lighting & Power in 1974
• Operation
– capture yield of Allens Creek
– diversions from the Brazos River of flood flows
• Cost Estimates
– depends on diversion site selected
– current estimate $200 million without mitigation

37. Pertinent Information
• Yield studies
– diverts Brazos River flood flows
– 99,650 Acre-feet per year (89MGD) with
2,200 cfs diversion
– safe yield: 87,800 AF/Yr
• Surface Area/Volume
– 7,003 acres; 145,533 AF
• Pool Elevation (normal) - 121 ft msl
• Dam: earth-filled embankment, 23,000 feet;
max height - 53 feet; elevation 134 ft msl

40. Allens Creek Reservoir
• Authorized by 76(R) SB1593 (Sept 1999)
Construction shall commerce no later than
September 1, 2018
TCEQ may extend the deadline for good cause
• BRA executes option with Reliant Energy
(November 1999)
• Site conveyed to BRA by Warranty Deed (January
2000)
• TCEQ reissued original permit (Feb 2000)
• BRA-Houston Agreement (April 2000)
COH owns 70% of water rights (62MGD) and BRA
owns 30% (27MGD)
• TWDB financed the land acquisition and water
rights permit amended (2002)
• COH and BRA negotiate project terms/schedule
(Nov. 2009 ~ ?)

41. Is our water at the right place?

42. COASTAL WATER
Raw Water LEGEND:
AUTHORITY
Conveyance CANAL
PIPELINE
ROADWAY
System COUNTY
LINE
INDUSTRIAL
AREAS
90
TRINITY RIVER PUMP STATION
N
O
ST
U
TR
O
IN
H
IT
KE
Y
LA
R
IV
ER
LAKE HOUSTON 146
PUMP STATION
LIBE
HAR
MAINTENANCE
RTY
SA FACILITY
RIS
N
CO
COU
UN
JA
TY
CIN
NTY
LIBERTY COUNTY
CHAMBERS COUNTY
TO
R IVE
R
CH
AM
BE
RS
WALLISVILLE
COUNTY
90 RESERVOIR
OU
10
BAY
8
R
10
DA
CE
LYNCHBURG PUMP STATION
10 AND RESERVOIR
2354
EAST WATER
SHIP CHANNEL CROSSING
PURIFICATION
PLANT HO
US
N SH TO BAYTOWN
S TO IP N
HOU C HA
NN EL
146
SH
225 IP
TRINITY
DEER PARK CH
AN
NE
BAY
225
L
RED BLUFF WATER
TREATMENT PLANT
BAYPORT
PUMP STATION
PASADENA
SOUTH EAST WATER
PURIFICATION PLANT 146
COASTAL WATER AUTHORITY
OF TEXAS
Trinity River Pumping Station ELLINGTON
FIELD
File: Gen Vicinity Overview w Frame.dwg

43. 2020 Surface Water Supply and Demand Lake
(in MGD) Conroe
60
Trinity
NHCRWA/ 60?
River
CHCRWA 806
116 (82) 115 (35)
34 Lake
NEWPP
WHCRWA Houston
46 80 150+12+36=198
79(51)
COH Raw Water
371 60
256(46) 23 200
327
28 EWPP
NFBWA
20(1) 350
19
Co-Part
131
69 SEWPP
200

44. Luce Bayou Inter-Basin Transfer Project
In Region H and State Water Plan
Trinity River to Lake Houston (San Jacinto River)
Diversion at Capers Ridge
3.6 miles of dual 108” pipeline
24 mile long canal
Cost estimated at $294 million, including right-of-way, engineering and
construction
The project will be financed by TWDB deferred low interest loans
All four Regional Water Authorities will share the cost proportion to their
respective 2040 demand
CWA is contracted with the City to implement the project
Contractually guaranteed to be in service by June 2019
The project will be built to its ultimate capacity but pumps will be installed in
phases

47. Estimated LBIBT Project Cost

48. Cost Sharing of Luce Bayou Project
City of Houston 69.8%
North Harris County Regional Water Authority 13.7%
Central Harris County Regional Water Authority 0.5%
West Harris County Regional Water Authority 9.5%
North Fort Bend Water Authority 6.5%
Total 100.0%

49. LBIBT Project Status
Resolution of Take Point Completed June 2009
Complete property boundary surveying/acquisition 31-Dec-10
Complete environmental field work Feb-10
Joint Evaluation Meeting 10-Feb-10
Complete Preliminary Engineering in support of 404 Submittal 31-Mar-10
Submit 404 Application to USACOE 31-Mar-10
Receive/Respond to Agency Questions and Comments on 404 Application July 1, 2010 to receipt of permit
Receive 404 Permit from USACOE April 2011 to March 2012
Complete Preliminary Engineering Report for CWA/COH/Co-Participant Approval Jul-10

50. What about treatment plants
and transmission systems?

51. Northeast Water Purification Plant Expansion
Current Capacity – 80 MGD
Capacity After Expansion – 300 MGD
Year Needed – No Later than June of 2019
Estimated Expansion Cost – $350 to $700 M
Cost will be shared by Regional Water
Authorities

53. City of Houston Transmission Water Lines Constructed and Proposed
SWTP $93 million proposed FY 11 to 14

54. Questions?