Dr.Allama Muhammad Iqbal, an intellectual, a poet, a philosopher, a thinker, an advocate and a LEGEND....

4.  Family Background
 Allama Muhammad Iqbal! A great poet, thinker, philosopher, scholar and
politician.
 When Iqbal was born, it was the time of troubles for Indian Muslims.
 300 Years before the birth of Iqbal, his Brahman Ancestors embraced Islam.
Iqbal’s grand father Shaikh Rafique used to sell Shawls.
 Shaikh Rafique had a son known as Shaikh Noor Muhammad.
Noor Muhammad was married to Imam Bibi. They had six children.
1. Taleh
2. Zainab
3. Karima
4. Fatima
5. Ata Muhammad
6. Muhammad Iqbal

5.  Friday, November 9, 1877, Iqbal was born at Sialkot.
 Iqbal was four years old when he was admitted to the mosque for learning
the Quran, he learned the Arabic language from his teacher Molvi Meer
Hassan, the head of the madrassa and professor of Arabic language at
Scotch Mission School in Sialkot, where Iqbal completed matric in 1893.
 He passed his F.A. from Murray College Sialkot in 1895. The same year he
enrolled Government College Lahore where he qualified for Bachelor of Arts
in philosophy , English Literature and Arabic as his subjects from Government
College Lahore in 1897.
 In 1899, he received Masters of Arts degree from the same college and got
the first position in Punjab University, Lahore.

6.  Fortunately, Iqbal got the teachings of Sir Thomas Arnold, his philosophy
teacher at Government college Lahore, Arnold's teachings determined Iqbal
to pursue higher education in the West.
 In 1905, he traveled to England for his higher education.
 Iqbal qualified for a scholarship from Trinity College in Cambridge and
obtained Bachelor of Arts in 1906, and in the same year he was called to the
bar as a barrister from Lincoln's Inn.
 In 1907, Iqbal moved to Germany to study doctorate and earned PhD degree
from the Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich in 1908.

7.  Iqbal was appointed as Lecturer of History, Philosophy and Arabic at Oriental
College in 1899 and Left the College when went abroad.
 After returning from England , he again joined Oriental College as a Professor
of Philosophy and English.
 In the same years, Iqbal practiced Law at Chief High Court Lahore.
 Soon Iqbal left the profession of an advocate and started literary work.
 This much of literary work consisted spiritual , religious ,political . social and
moral issues.

8.  As he had a good background of Religion and studies made him a diamond in
history and Arabic, his views about Islam were converted into Poetry in a very
well manner.
 His literary works consisted of Javaid Nama, Armaghan-e-Hijaz,
Bal-e-Jibreel, Zarb-e-Kaleem,Asrar-e-Khudi,Bang-e-Dura etc.
 His poetry played huge role in the Unity and Raising Muslims for
freedom.Some Even say that he translated Quran into his poetry.
 Iqbal’s poetry has been translated into many European languages, at the
time when his work was famous during the early part of the 20th century.
Iqbal’s Asrar-e-Khudi and Javaid Nama were translated into English by R A
Nicholson and A.J.Arberry respectively.

9.  Two Nation Theory:
 Allama Iqbal was also a strong believer of Hindu- Muslim unity but Congress
extremism force him to change his attitude.
 In 1930, Iqbal clearly discussed Two Nation Theory as: –
Islam: as Code of Conduct and Way of Life
''Islam is complete code of life; so Indian Muslims should get assistance from
Islam. It will support them fully'‘.
 In 1930,Allama Iqbal presented his mature political opinion on the political
fate of Indian Muslims in his presidential address at Allahabad at the annual
session of Muslim League.

10.  “I am fully convinced that the Muslims of India will ultimately
have to establish a separate homeland as they could not live
with the Hindus in the United States.”
 Muslims are Separate Nations . Allama Iqbal openly negated the concept of
one nation and said:
“Nations are based with religion; not with territories. So we are
separate nation because we have our own ideology.”

11.  Thus, Iqbal demanded a sovereign independent Muslim state even before the
Muslim League demanded it in Pakistan's Resolution.
"The formation of a consolidated North-West Indian Muslim
State appears to be the final destiny of the Muslims, at least of the north
west India.“
 1930,Allama Iqbal presented his mature political opinion on the political fate
of Indian Muslims in his presidential address at Allahabad at the annual
session of Muslim League . He said:
“I am fully convinced that the Muslims of India will
ultimately have to establish a separate homeland as they could not live
with the Hindus in the United States.”

12.  He also said:
“India is a continent of human beings belonging to different
races , speaking different languages and professing different religions.
I, therefore demand the formation of a consolidated Muslim state in the best
interest of India and Islam.”
 He stressed on the formation of a separate state by saying:
“I would like to see the Punjab , North-West Frontiers Province
,Sindh and Baluchistan amalgamated into a single state self-government
within the British Empire or without the British Empire ,the formation of a
consolidated North-West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final
destiny of the Muslims at least of North-West India.”