This document provides definitions and brief descriptions of various states of matter, including solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and several exotic states like Bose-Einstein condensate, superfluid, and quark-gluon plasma. It acknowledges the sources used to compile the information and states that the presentation is intended for non-commercial student use. The document contains over 20 different states of matter and defines each one in 1-2 sentences. It concludes by thanking the reader and providing contact information to provide feedback.

2. Acknowledgement :
 Information and pictorial illustrations to create
this work have been drawn from class notes,
prescribed text books and various internet
resources. The author gratefully acknowledges
the same. Any objections to the use of internet
resources may please be indicated to
suddurocks@yahoo.in so that the same can be
removed from the illustrations used in this file.
 This presentation is created with the sole
intention of benefitting a large number of
student community. This may not be used for
any commercial purpose.

3.  The list of states of matter need
not be in order. This presentation
has all the states of matter and
has a line or two about each state
of matter.

4. Solid
 It holds a rigid shape without a container.

5. Amorphous Solid
 A solid in which there is no long-range order
of the positions of the atoms.

6. Crystalline Solid
 A solid in which the constituent atoms,
molecules, or ions are packed in a regularly
ordered, repeating pattern.

7. Plastic Crystal
 A molecular solid with long-range positional
order but with constituent molecules
retaining rotational freedom.

8. Liquid
 A mostly non-compressible fluid. Able to
conform to the shape of its container but
retaining a (nearly) constant volume
independent of pressure.

9. String-Net Liquid
 Atoms in this state have apparently unstable
arrangement, like a liquid, but are still
consistent in overall pattern, like a solid.

10. Liquid Crystal
 Properties intermediate between liquids and
crystals. Generally, able to flow like a liquid
but exhibiting long-range order.

11. Gas
 A compressible fluid. Not only will a gas
conform to the shape of its container but it
will also expand to fill the container.

12. Super Critical Fluid
 At sufficiently high temperatures and
pressures the distinction between liquid and
gas disappears.

13. Plasma
 Free charged particles, usually in equal
numbers, such as ions and electrons. Unlike
gases, plasmas may self-generate magnetic
fields and electric currents, and respond
strongly and collectively to electromagnetic
forces.

14. Quantum Hall State
 A state that gives rise to quantized Hall
voltage measured in the direction
perpendicular to the current flow.

15. Quantum Spin Hall State
 A theoretical phase that may pave the way
for the development of electronic devices
that dissipate less energy and generate less
heat. This is a derivation of the Quantum Hall
state of matter.

16. Bose Einstein Condensate
 A phase in which a large number of bosons all
inhabit the same quantum state, in effect
becoming one single wave/particle.

17. Fermionic Condensate
 Similar to the Bose-Einstein condensate but
composed of fermions. The Pauli exclusion
principle prevents fermions from entering the
same quantum state, but a pair of fermions
can behave as a boson, and multiple such
pairs can then enter the same quantum state
without restriction.

18. Super Fluid
 A phase achieved by a few cryogenic liquids
at extreme temperature where they become
able to flow without friction A super fluid can
flow up the side of an open container and
down the outside. Placing a super fluid in a
spinning container will result in quantized
Vortices.

19. Super Solid
 Similar to a super fluid, a super solid is able to
move without friction but retains a rigid
shape.

20. Degenerate Matter
 Matter under very high pressure, supported
by the Pauli exclusion principle.

21. Electron Degenerate Matter
 Found inside white dwarf stars. Electrons
remain bound to atoms but are able to
transfer to adjacent atoms.

22. Neutron Degenerate Matter
 Found in Neutron stars. Vast gravitational
pressure compresses atoms so strongly that
the electrons are forced to combine with
protons via inverse beta-decay, resulting in a
super dense conglomeration of neutrons.

23. Strange Matter
 A type of quark matter that may exist inside
some neutron stars close to the Tolman
Oppenheimer Volkoff limit (approximately 2
to 3 solar masses). May be stable at lower
energy states once formed.

24. Quark Gluon Plasma
 A phase in which quarks become free and
able to move independently (rather than
being perpetually bound into particles) in a
sea of gluons (subatomic particles that
transmit the strong force that binds quarks
together). May be briefly attainable in
particle accelerators.

25. Weakly Symmetric Matter
 For up to 10-12 seconds after the Big Bang the
strong, weak and electromagnetic forces
were unified.

26. Strongly Symmetric Matter
 For up to 10-36 seconds after the big bang the
energy density of the universe was so high
that the four forces of nature : strong, weak,
electromagnetic and gravitations and are
thought to have been unified into one single
force. As the universe expanded, the
temperature and density dropped and the
gravitational force separated, a process
called Symmetry breaking.

27. Thank You !!!
Compiled By :
Sudarshan.S.K.
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Improvement To :
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