Human rights, gender mainstreaming and cultural awareness

Human rights,
gender
mainstreaming
and cultural
awareness
LINK CAMPUS UNIVERSITY, ROME – MASTER IN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION
5-6 JULY 2014 – SECOND PART OF A 20-HOUR GRADUATE DEGREE COURSE
LECTURER: GRY TINA TINDE, OSLO, NORWAY
(FIRST PART OF THE COURSE IS ALSO ON SLIDESHARE)

C0NTENTS & ACTIVITIES
Discrimination awareness – various identities of under-represented groups will illustrate chances in
life
Introduction to human rights concepts and rights-based development
Working in groups of five or six, the students will create a study, action plan and/or communication
plan to address:
1. Bride kidnapping in Kyrgyzstan
2. Female genital mutilation/cutting in refugee setting in Sicily, Italy
3. Women’s land ownership in Gujarat, India
4. Micro credit in rural area in Bangladesh
Finally, the class will organize a panel discussion on gender equality in Italy, assigning identities and
roles to panelists.

COURSE CREDO
“The Master's Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master's House” Audrey Lorde

Lottery of life - Discrimination awareness
Mention other aspects that may
trigger discrimination
Students are assigned a new identity, with information about sex,
disability status, HIV, sexual orientation, urban/rural, education level,
marital status, ethnic group/minority, employment status and more.
The students start at the back of the room and take one step forward
when the course leader calls out characteristics they have been assigned
Those characteristics are the features that correspond with traditional
norms and privilege, which brings certain people closer to power and
benefits.

Discrimination awareness
Is it possible to predict who has the best
chance of having their human rights fulfilled?

Rights-based approach to development
Quick guide by Oxfam (2014)
http://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/quick-guide-to-rights-based-approaches-to-
development-312421
What are human rights?
Human rights are universal legal entitlements that represent the minimum standards essential for
human dignity, often divided into the broad categories of Civil, Political,
Economic, Social and Cultural rights. All people are rights-holders, and human rights apply to all
people equally, regardless of sex, politics, colour, race, ethnic origin, nationality, sexual orientation,
religion, economic or social class, or any other distinction.
Duty-bearers have an obligation to respect, protect and fulfil human rights.
States are the principle duty-bearers, but all rights entail corresponding responsibilities, and people
are often both rights-holders and duty-bearers.

RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH
Why take a rights-based approach to development?
All human lives are of equal value, and everyone has fundamental rights that must be
recognized and upheld at all times;
Respect people living in poverty as agents of their own development (not passive recipients of
aid or objects of charity). Taking a rights-based approach reflects the belief that with the right
resources, support and training, people living in poverty can solve their own problems.
Taking a rights-based approach means going beyond issues of material resources to consider and
address the capacity, choices and power required for people living in poverty to enjoy all human
rights.

What are the key elements of a rights-based approach, or RBA?
Rights-based development work recognises that imbalances in power relations contribute to
marginalisation and prevent poor people from exercising their rights;
Is participatory, recognising that all people, including those living in poverty, have a right to be
involved in processes that impact on their lives;
Recognises that all development actors and all stakeholders are accountable to one another;
Promotes equality and non-discrimination, with a particular focus on vulnerable or marginalised
people(s);

Is holistic - recognising that economic poverty has deeply felt social, cultural and political causes
and effects, and that the spectrum of human rights must be understood together to constitute
the basic necessities for a life of dignity and freedom;
Recognises that rights also involve corresponding responsibilities – the fact that we all have
human rights means we are also all duty bearers;
Makes use of existing legal systems, and, depending on the context, develop links between
development goals and international human rights laws.
Working with RBA means that we are acknowledging that poverty is a denial of basic human
rights, and that all development work should aim at the universal realisation of human rights.

What is the "rights-based approach" all about? Perspectives from international development agencies
Nyamu-Musembi, Celestine; Cornwall, Andrea (2004) Institute for Development Studies paper series
(…) however it is operationalised, a rights-based approach would mean little if it has no potential to
achieve a positive transformation of power relations among the various development actors. Thus,
however any agency articulates its vision for a rights-based approach, it must be interrogated for the
extent to which it enables those whose lives are affected the most to articulate their priorities and claim
genuine accountability from development agencies, and also the extent to which the agencies become
critically self-aware and address inherent power inequalities in their interaction with those people.
Full text: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/37777

BRIDE KIDNAPPING IN KYRGYZSTAN
They call it ala kachuu, or "grab and run." In Kyrgyzstan,
as many as 40% of ethnic Kyrgyz women are married
after being kidnapped by the men who become their
husbands, according to a local NGO. Two-thirds of these
bride kidnappings are non-consensual—in some cases, a
"kidnapping" is part of a planned elopment—and while
the practice has been illegal since 1994, authorities
largely look the other way.
Article by Noriko Hayashi in Newsweek, Nov. 2013
Article on bridal kidnapping by Dr. Lori Handrahan in
Fletcher Journal of Development Studies, 2000
Video by Vice about bridal kidnapping in Kyrgyzstan
Photographer Noriko Hayashi captures the heartbreak and violence
of bride kidnapping in Kyrgyzstan

Typically, a would-be groom gathers a group
of young men, and together they drive around
looking for a woman he wants to marry. The
unsuspecting woman is often literally dragged
off the street, bundled into the car and taken
straight to the man's house—where
frequently the family will have already started
making preparations for the wedding.
After forcing 20-year-old university student Farida (in pink) and her friend into the
back of his car, 26-year-old Tyhchtykbek and his relatives march her into the family
yurt. While in the vehicle—where she at first screamed at Tyhchtykbek: "I am not
going to marry you!"—Farida was convinced by Tyhchtykbek's older sister to accept
his proposal. Farida and Tyhchtykbek had met twice before he kidnapped her.

Once the girls are inside the kidnapper’s home,
female elders play a key role in persuading her to
accept the marriage. They try to cover the girl’s
head with a white scarf, symbolizing that she is
ready to wed her kidnapper. After hours of
struggle, around 84% of kidnapped women end up
agreeing to the nuptials. (The rest manage to get
back home.) The kidnapee's parents often also
pressure the girl, as once she has entered her
kidnapper’s home she is considered to be no
longer pure, making it shameful for her to return
home. In order to avoid disgrace, many women
tend to remain with their kidnappers.
Aitilek, 18, stands in front of her husband, Baktiyaf, who kidnapped her the day after
they met in Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan. Photo: Noriko Hayashi

At one time, the majority of marriages among
Kyrgyz women were arranged by parents.
Today, bride kidnapping is frighteningly
common, and—although some kidnappings
do create happy couples—marriages resulting
from such incidents are also thought to cause
significantly higher rates of domestic abuse,
divorce, and suicide. Photographer Noriko
Hayashi spent months visiting villages
throughout Kyrgyzstan, and was sometimes
able to witness and document the practice. This elderly Kyrgyz couple got married by kidnapping in September of 1954. Eshen,
83, and his wife Tursun, 82, said, "We don't like the modern way of bride-
kidnapping. When we were young, it was consensual kidnapping. We knew each
other well and exchanged love letters before kidnapping. Nowadays, young people
violently kidnap women and this is not our tradition. “
Photo: Noriko Hayashi

GROUP EXERCISE – RIGHTS-BASED
APPROACH: PREVENT BRIDE KIDNAPPING
Tyhchtybek and an elderly female relative talk to Farida at his home, aiming to
convince her to marry him. Tyhchtybek says: “I promise you that you will be happy
in the future so please marry me,” to which Farida replies: “How come you
kidnapped me? You know that I have a boyfriend. Even if I married you, there
would be no love in our married life.” Photo: Noriko Hayashi
You are a Junior Professional Officer with UNDP
in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Assisting the Kyrgyz
government in ending the illegal practice of bride
kidnapping is a priority for the Good Governance
Unit where you work.
Make a plan for a study which will give your the
knowledge you need to manage the project. The
study needs to includes a baseline, a theory of
change, what is necessary to do to achieve
the change and a risk analysis. The study needs to
articulate what the goal of your project will be.
Include which international legal instruments and
national laws the bride kidnapping violates.

APPROACH: PREVENT BRIDE KIDNAPPING
Aitilek sits in a room wearing a white scarf, the symbol of marriage. After being
kidnapped in Bishkek, she was convinced to accept Baktiyaf's proposal before
leaving the city. She didn't know that she was being taken to a remote farm that
lacked even a phone line. Photo: Noriko Hayashi
Based on the study you will create an action plan.
It will include list of partners, actions, and
describe the role of each in partner and action in
ensuring the planned results of the project.
Describe the expected outcomes and effects on
society once the goals of the project have been
achieved. Consider which unintended effects
might be triggered by the project.
Draft a communications plan that will inform
partners, the public and UNDP about
the project’s goal, activities, progress being made
and obstacles encountered. The plan should
include activities that aim to engage these groups
in reaching the goal of the project, based on their
roles and interests.

APPROACH: PREVENT FGM/C
Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C)
Article by the UN, with short video
The French way – A better approach to fighting
FGM
UK must follow Africa’s example to tackle FGM and
improve chances of prosecution
At age one, Fatima was subjected to female genital
mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in her village in Afar Region of
Ethiopia which has one of the world’s highest prevalence rates.
Photo: UNICEF/Kate Holt

•You are a community worker for a major
Italian NGO in Sicily. Operation Mare
Nostrum in the Mediterranean and
boats filled to the rim are continuously
bringing starved and sick refugees. Many
are women and children.
•There has been a 60 percent increase in
refugee arrivals in Italy in the past year.
Recently, there were 4,000 new arrivals
in Sicily.
•Your TOR are to identify, prevent and
follow up on female genital
mutilation/cutting among thousands of
refugees already staying in shelters for
the past year, and new arrivals.
Fighting FGM/C is part of the Italian government’s development cooperation strategy,
as explained in a web article on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs website. It describes a
gender strategy and the commemoration of the International Day Against Female
Genital Mutilation, on 6 February 2014.
How do authorities around the world work to uphold the rights of immigrants, refugees
and asylum seekers not to be subjected to FGM/C?

Newcomers are from a variety of countries in
Africa, and FGM in various forms is practiced in
many of these countries. Your employer has, like
UN findings and advice, identified FGM as an illegal
and dangerous practice which jeopardizes the
health of female refugees and their ability to enjoy
safe pregnancies and childbirths. A video about the
organization Tostan shows how to engage
communities successfully in ending FGM/C.
The UN Population Fund (UNFPA) has estimated
that globally, the prevalence of FGM declined by 5
per cent between 2005 and 2010. It is your job to
reduce this number further, via your job in Sicily.
You have a team of three persons, and may receive
a generous budget if your proposal for action plan
is well founded and doable.

•Give background on prevalence of FGM in
Africa and the Middle East
•What is the Italian legislation and practice
on FGM?
•Educational activities
•Legal aspects, prosecution of “cutters” and
parents
•Health services, inspection of girls’ genitals
•Pregnancy and birth complications
•School curriculum
Make a proposal
for an
action plan for
the coming
year.
Address these
concerns and
others you
identify.

Make a proposal
for an
action plan for
the coming
year.
Address these
concerns and
others you
identify.
•Commemoration of International Day of Zero
Tolerance of FGM
•Media handling
•Role of religious groups
•Economic aspects – livelihood of “cutters”
•Role of tradition, such as belief that FGM is
necessary to qualify as a spouse and get better
bride price?
•Gender aspects, involvement of boys and men in
awareness activities
•Role of culture and art

APPROACH: WOMEN’S LAND OWNERSHIP
“Gender, Resources and Community Action – Re-Sounding
the Alert”, by Bina Agarwal, 1997 in World Development
argues for women’s rights to own agricultural and forest
land. Such ownership may be achieved in various ways, and
it would have positive effects on natural resource
management, family welfare and gender justice.
Studies by Dr. Agarwal and other scientists show that
women’s independent land rights and control can enhance
food security, improve child nutrition, health and
education, and even reduce domestic violence.
Dr. Bina Agarwal giving a lecture at Brandeis University’s
South Asian Studies Program in March 2012, on «Gender
and Forest Governance: A History of Absence, the Impact
of Presence”

Dr. Agarwal explains (1997):
The UN Decade for Women in 1975 launched an alert
about enormous gender gaps in health, education
and child survival.
By 1997, research had highlighted gender as a
systematic basis of inequality in all spheres.
Conferences have been held, government offices set
up and international agreements signed on the issue,
such as the Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in
1979.
Dr. Bina Agarwal speaks in this short video about the
importance of protecting the rights of small farm holders,
of whom many are women, at the World Economic Forum
in 2012. She noted that small farmers face problems
accessing land and ensuring food security and good
nutrition for their families.

Dr. Agarwal explains:
From a leaflet by the Working Group for Women and Land
Ownership in Gujarat, India
Women are rarely members of the forest protection
committees (FPCs), a mere 3 percent of over 8,000
members according to a 1992 study in West Bengal and 7
percent of 22,000 members in Tamil Nadu (1994).
Rules for forest protection and use take little account of
women’s concerns, as women are lacking from FPCs.
In many areas, women were banned from entering
protected areas where they earlier collected firewood,
adding many hours to their daily chores and those of
their daughters. This impedes girls’ schooling.

• Adequate time and intellectual energy had been
spent, one would have thought, to make a
gendered perspective in development analysis
commonplace in 1997
• Sufficient knowledge was made available to shift
policies and programmes in directions that
promote gender equality
• Yet gender continued to be viewed as an issue of
“special interest”
In South and Southeast Asia more than 60 percent of the female labour
force is engaged in food production but, in India, Nepal and Thailand
for example, less than 10 percent of women farmers own land,
according to a fact sheet by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization
(FAO).

As new institutions, new property rights, and new
social relations are being fostered, many old gender
inequities are not just being perpetuated, they are
becoming more deeply entrenched. Additional ones
are being created.
This is happening in relation to resources that are
critical for the lives and livelihoods of large numbers,
especially in developing countries.

Dr. Agarwal on agrarian reform:
Gender insensitive interventions are worsening the
gender distribution of basic economic resources,
such as agricultural land.
In most parts of the developing world, the bulk of
cultivable land is under agricultural use and mostly
in individual male hands.
Apart from substiantial male bias in inheritance laws
and the gaps between laws and practice,
government land distribution programs have
widened the gender gap in command over arable
land.
Participants at a training-of-trainers workshop by CGIAR held several group
discussions and visual charts on the interlinked issues of gender and climate
change. Photo: Vinita Marleen

Dr. Agarwal on micro-credit schemes (1997):
Credit is clearly an important need of poor women and
could benefit many.
But giving priority to micro-credit schemes to poor
women, over other livelihood sources, especially access
to land, is problematic.
In large parts of South Asia, where most rural women
workers are dependent on agriculture, micro-credit, in
itself, is far from an adequate answer.
Many poor women have had to forego government
schemes for subsidized credit for animal purchase,
because they had no land to graze the animals.
From the website of the Working Group for Women and Land

Dr. Agarwal on micro-credit schemes:
Credit in itself cannot balance major imbalances in property
ownership and control.
One could even argue that if more women owned some property
they could get easier access to credit through the regular
mechanisms.
One way forward could be to provide women who depend on land-
based livelihoods with credit to lease in or purchase land in groups.
But this would require a shift in the existing focus of most micro-
credit programs.
(Only “landless” families (owning less than half an acre of land) could
borrow from the Grameen Bank, writes David Roodman on his blog.)
Has this changed? Not much, according to WGWLO. The Agricultural
Census in India in 2000-2001 showed that women accounted for 11
percent of land holders.
Cover of report “Try to understand” by
Jesuit Refugee Services, Malta, 2009

Economists studying environmental collective action and
green governance have paid little attention to gender.
Research on gender and green governance in other
disciplines has focused mainly on women's near absence
from forestry institutions. This interdisciplinary book turns
that focus on its head to ask: what if women were present in
these institutions? What difference would that make? Would
women's inclusion in forest governance - undeniably
important for equity - also affect decisions on forest use and
outcomes for conservation and subsistence?
«Gender and Green Governance», 2010

The Working Group for Women and Land Ownership (WGWLO)
is an informal, unregistered network of 35 NGOs and CBOs in
Gujarat, India, working on the issue of agriculture land
ownership from livelihood, security, rights and empowerment
angle for women. These are CBOs and NGOs spread in more
than 15 districts of Gujarat, working at the rural grass roots
level.
Having read Dr. Agarwal’s article from 1997, her follow-up
analysis from 2003, web reports on her continued work in this
field, and info on the WGWLO website, you are eager to
support women’s land ownership in the region. You are able to
land a position as seconded community worker from Italy to
WGWLO. You go there to learn from the women experts about
their successes in ensuring land ownership for women, and
assist with their analysis and advocacy.
From the website of the Working Group for Women and Land

Your task at WGWLO is to help write a proposal to the Gujarat authorities on how to achieve land
ownership for women, both of forests and agricultural land. Present the reasons why this is a good
initiative, what the goals are, and how the government and people of Gujarat will benefit. Remember
under-represented groups, and suggest how they may be involved in decision-making around land
ownership. Make a list of partners to engage to realize the initiative, and points you will make to
convince them to join the effort.
Consider legal and practical obstacles to the initiative as well as risks and potential unintended effects,
both negative and positive.

APPROACH: MICRO CREDIT
Should development programmes focus on creating jobs or business
opportunities? asks Dr. Phil Mader in «Governance Across Borders». He
continues:
Once you recognise that most poor communities actually have enough of
a supply of the simplest items and services (the sort of things that could
be produce by microcredit-induced microenterprises), you have to switch
to consider the demand side issue, including why it is that the poor have
no money to spend.
But this opens up a whole can of worms in terms of questioning the
legitimacy of the capitalist/market system, level of inequality, role of local
elites, ideal role of the state, etc, so best not to go there.
My comment: WHY NOT? And WHY NO GENDER PERSPECTIVES?
Mader writes: “Until we do begin to factor in crucial issues like local
saturation, the international development community will blindly continue
to support disastrous interventions like microfinance.“
Climate-smart agriculture – from the meeting room to grandma’s farm
On the CGIAR website. Photo by G. Smith

A resource blog for engineering and business
administration students states:
The legitimacy of microfinance is beyond doubt. In a
context of growing financialisation, the poor more than
anybody else need microfinance services. In the same vein,
in a context where democracy remains mainly formal and
inaccessible to the poorest, the collective approach (which
is at the core of Indian microfinance through the Self-help-
group concept) undeniably represents a tool for
democratic practices and therefore for grass roots
development, especially for women.
This project work is done to fulfil the requirement of M.B.A
degree course. Objective of this study or project are to
study the performance of microfinance in India, to know
about the various institutions that is doing the job of
promoting microfinance in India and to know the role of
Microfinance in removing the poverty of the study.

Vijay Govindarajan is Professor at Tuck School of
Business at Dartmouth College.
He wrote in Harvard Business Review in Aug. 2011 that
micro credit gives an opportunity for poor people to
transform their lives through entrepreneurship.
He writes: “Poverty is not caused by poor people; it is
imposed on them. It is an institutional failure. When
you deny access to education, finance, housing, and
health care, the poor remain poor.” (…)
“Let’s continue to use microenterprise as an instrument
of economic and social change at the bottom of the
pyramid.”
Vijay Govindarajan is Coxe Distinguished Professor at Dartmouth
College's Tuck School of Business, in New Hampshire in the U.S.

Microcredit loans fall for first time in 13 years,
writes The Globe and Mail in Feb. 2013
Microfinancing in India has been in turmoil
after a rush of lending and aggressive loan
collectors in the state of Andhra Pradesh
sparked a wave of suicides there in late 2010.
Its government has since clamped down on the
sector.
The incompatibility of micro-finance institutions
(MFIs) with the political system in Andhra
Pradesh was the true driving force behind the
crash, according to Pooja Yerramilli, author of a
2013 article in the Journal of Politics and
Society.
Petla Narasimhulu and Lakshmi weep in front of their daughter Petla Lalitha’s
portrait in Godhumaguda village, Andhra Pradesh, India. The debt-ridden 18-
year-old committed suicide by drinking pesticide. Article in New York Times Feb.
2012. Photo: Mahesh Kumar

You are Chief of Corporate Social Responsibility at
the Swedish clothing company Hennes & Mauritz
(H&M) in Bangladesh.
Develop a plan for micro credit for five villages in
the poorest areas of the country.
What is the goal of the initiative? Who will you
consult to learn about the design of the
programme?
Who are the target borrowers?
What activities/products should the loans finance?
Think market analysis, people’s most important
needs and their capacities and rights.
Prepare a presentation to a meeting where the CEO
of H&M, the Minister of Trade of Bangladesh and
the Italian and Swedish ambassadors will be
present.
Borrowers in Basta, Bangladesh, walk to Grameen Bank to pay their loan instalment.
The government seized control of the bank in 2012. Photo: Rafiqur Rahman, Reuters

GENDER EQUALITY IN ITALY
Bianca Pomeranzi is Italy’s member of the
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms for
Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
Committee until 2016. Article about her work in
Modello Curriculum
Italy ranked no. 71 of 136 countries in the World
Economic Forum’s Gender Gap Report in 2013.
The most recent CEDAW report on Italy (2010) says:
By taking into account the European Union (EU)
Roadmap outlining priority areas of the EU action on
gender equality, for the period 2006–2010, the
Italian Government has been paying specific
attention to the following areas:
Reconciliation of private and professional life;
Eradication of all forms of
gender-based violence; Promotion of gender
equality in external and development policies.

“The law provides women the same rights as men.
(…) In this regard, the Authorities firmly intend to
mainstream gender equality. Nevertheless,
stereotypes, the complexity of the society and the
relating increase in socioeconomic problems
continue to severely affect the implementation of
the legislative
system.” (Page 10 in CEDAW report on Italy, 2010)
Over the last years, the role and functions of the
National Equality Counsellor at the Ministry of
Labour have been significantly enhanced by the
establishment of the National Network
of Equality Advisors, consisting of 220 regional and
provincial equality advisors. (Page 15-16, same
report)

A new concept of Equal Opportunities is thus taking
place so as to promote positive actions in the
following fields: equality in the workplace; female
entrepreneurship; support to motherhood; work
organization; and the implementation of social labour
policies through relevant initiatives undertaken by the
above Network, regionally and locally.
(Page 16 in CEDAW report on Italy, 2010)

In February 2007, ISTAT (the official Italian
government statistical agency published a study,
commissioned by the Ministry of Equal
Opportunity, on sexual violence in Italy). ISTAT
reported that 6.7 million women aged 16 to 70, or
31.9 per cent of all women, had been victims of
violence at least once in their lives. Five million
women were victims of sexual violence and one
million of rape or attempted rape. In 2006 ISTAT
estimated there were 74,000 cases of rape or
attempted rape, of which 4,500 were reported to the
police. Approximately 23 per cent of sexual abuses
were committed by partners. In fact the data show a
worrying situation, where the most familiar places
become those at a higher risk.
(Page 27 in CEDAW report on Italy, 2010)

Power women
The election also resulted in Italy’s parliament having the
highest number of women in its history, with 32 percent
in the lower chamber of deputies and 30 percent in the
senate. The presence of more women in a historically
male sphere goes, at least in principle, against the so-
called ‘casta’ (caste): the deep-rooted trend of one
privileged group controlling Italy’s power structures,
according to London-based Italian journalist and author
Caterina Soffici: “The more a party has women inside the
newer it is and the more they can change because
they’re outside the casta,” she says. “Normally men don’t
want to change anything; they want to keep the system
because it’s good for their power and privilege.”
Article by Marta Cooper in The Telegraph, March 2013
Italian women gather in Sydney to mark the 100th International
Women's Day with a protest highlighting the sex scandal surrounding
Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi.

Tackling domestic violence openly
Figures from helpline Telefono Rosa confirmed by
Italy’s national statistics body, ISTAT, revealed that a
woman in Italy was killed every two days in 2012,
compared to every three days in 2011. Telefono
Rosa stats suggest domestic violence as a whole is
on the increase in Italy, with a 3pc rise in cases
from 2011 to 2012. In November last year, two
parliamentarians called for life sentences for those
who kill women for being women (or
‘femminicidio’, as it is known in Italian).
Article by Marta Cooper in The Telegraph, March
2013
Italian women hold placards during a demonstration against the country's
former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi in downtown Rome in 2011

Need for sex education
For many, improving Italian education is also a priority
for combating female discrimination and sexism.
Rome-based radio host Loredana, 56, laments that that
there is no national requirement to teach sex
education in Italian schools. “There’s proposal dating
from 1975 to introduce it still waiting in Parliament,”
she notes.
Article by Marta Cooper in The Telegraph, March 2013
House work with a gender slant
Italy – which has one of the lowest birth rates in the
western world – has the biggest gender gap when it
comes to carving up chores. Italian women clock up 21
hours more per week than men on housework.
Article by Gerry Peev in Daily Mail, Nov. 2013

GENDER EQUALITY & DIVERSITY IN ITALY:
MODEL PANEL
Role play: Panel discussion on men’s and women’s
careers in Italy
Agree on the theme of the panel and what it aims to
achieve. Select four panelists and create their
identities and backgrounds. You choose who they will
be, and here are some tips:
Maybe you wish to draw on some of the most extreme
and important voices in today’s gender equality debate
in Italy? A moderate panelist could be useful as well.
Write down the characteristics of each speaker. It’s OK
to use people who exist, but give them some surprising
experiences and views that they will bring up during
the debate. Keep diversity in mind when creating the
panel. Participants in the audience will be themselves.
Creating an inclusive and diverse panel enhances the debate and
outcome. World Evangelical Alliance (WEA) Hosts Panel Discussion at the
United Nations on Disabilities in the Post 2015 Development Agenda

GENDER EQUALITY & DIVERSITY IN ITALY:
MODEL PANEL
Role play: Panel discussion on men’s and
women’s careers in Italy
Following the debate, the class will analyze:
• Panel composition with a view to diversity
• Debating techniques
• Subject knowledge of the panelists
• Use of stereotypes?
• References to other countries’ experiences
• Good anecdotes
• Use of statistics
• Potential for strengthening arguments
• Any other issue the group wishes to address
Photo by Roberto Sias

Human rights, gender mainstreaming and cultural awareness

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Human rights, gender mainstreaming and cultural awareness