This document summarizes research on the phylogeography of the bat genus Myotis. The study analyzed genetic data from over 100 Myotis species to construct phylogenetic trees showing evolutionary relationships worldwide. Model-based analyses estimated divergence times and traced geographic origins. Results suggest Myotis originated in the Oriental region over 15 million years ago and subsequently dispersed throughout Eurasia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas. This research provides insight into the evolution and biogeography of the highly diverse and globally distributed Myotis genus.
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Phylogeography of the cosmopolitan genus Myotis (Chiroptera) using model-based reconstructions
1. The fabulous odyssey of Myotis
Phylogeography of the
cosmopolitan genus
Myotis (Chiroptera)
using model-based
Phylogeography of the
cosmopolitan genus
Myotis (Chiroptera)
using model-based
Presented by: Yann Gager
Supervised by: Emmanuel Douzery (University of Montpellier 2 - France)
Manuel Ruedi (Museum of Geneva - Switzerland)
using model-based
reconstructions
using model-based
reconstructions
2. 1- The genus Myotis
The fabulous odyssey of Myotis
3. 1 - The genus Myotis
• Global distribution (except Antarctica)
4. 1 - The genus Myotis
• Global distribution (except Antarctica)
• More than 100 species described:
2nd most diversified genus of Mammals
5. 1 - The genus Myotis
• Global distribution (except Antarctica)
• More than 100 species described:
2nd most diversified genus of Mammals
• Difficulty differentiating species
on the basis of morphological criteria
7. 1 - The genus Myotis
• Phylogeny of Myotis from America
and Africa already known
8. 1 - The genus Myotis
• Phylogeny of Myotis from America
and Africa already known
• Poor knowledge of relationships
of Eurasian Myotisof Eurasian Myotis
9. 1 - The genus Myotis
• Phylogeny of Myotis from America
and Africa already known
• Poor knowledge of relationships
of Eurasian Myotisof Eurasian Myotis
• Incomplete picture of the genus evolution
at a worldwide scale
10. 2 - Aims of the study
The fabulous odyssey of Myotis
11. 2 - Aims of the study
• Important sampling of species
and molecular data
12. 2 - Aims of the study
• Important sampling of species
and molecular data
• Phylogenetic trees of taxa
at a worldwide scaleat a worldwide scale
13. 2 - Aims of the study
• Important sampling of species
and molecular data
• Phylogenetic trees of taxa
at a worldwide scaleat a worldwide scale
• Preliminary to the study
of biogeographic and temporal origins
20. 3 - Samplings
• 85 recognised species,
5 new species and 5 outgroups
• Compilation & concatenation of 2 genes:
Cyt b (mitochondrial) & Rag 2 (nuclear)Cyt b (mitochondrial) & Rag 2 (nuclear)
21. 3 - Samplings
• 85 recognised species,
5 new species and 5 outgroups
• Compilation & concatenation of 2 genes:
Cyt b (mitochondrial) & Rag 2 (nuclear)Cyt b (mitochondrial) & Rag 2 (nuclear)
• Alignement of 136 Cyt b & 116 Rag 2,
with 164 seq. of GenBank & 88 new seq.
39. 5 - Molecular dating
• Search of biogeographic origins:
- Estimate of ancestral character states
with a probabilistic model (Lagrange)
on the final chronogram
Species 1
Species 2
?
Species 3
?
Palaearctic
Oriental region
40. 5 - Molecular dating
• Search of biogeographic origins:
- Estimate of ancestral character states
with a probabilistic model (Lagrange)
on the final chronogram
Species 1
Species 2
Species 3
Palaearctic
Oriental region
41. 5 - Molecular dating
• Search of biogeographic origins:
- Consideration of branch lengths
42. 5 - Molecular dating
• Search of biogeographic origins:
- Consideration of branch lengths
- Area-adjacency matrix
A B
C
D
Oceanian
E
F
G
A B C D E F G
A 1 1 1 0 1 0 0
B 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
C 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
D 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
E 1 1 1 0 1 0 0
F 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
G 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
43. 5 - Molecular dating
• Search of biogeographic origins:
- Consideration of branch lengths
- Area-adjacency matrix
- Area-dispersal matrix
A B
C
D
Oceanian
E
F
G
A B C D E F G
A 1 1 1 0 1 0 0
B 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
C 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
D 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
E 1 1 1 0 1 0 0
F 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
G 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
64. Phylogeography
• Study of the historical processes that may be
responsible for the contemporary geographic
distribution of individuals.
• This is accomplished by considering the• This is accomplished by considering the
geographic distribution of individuals in light
of the patterns associated with a gene
genealogy.
65.
66. Biogeographic reconstructions
• H0 = without constraints : lnL = 146.8
• H1 = with constraints : lnL = 139.5
Better likelihood with the area-adjacency matrix
and the area-dispersal matrix !and the area-dispersal matrix !
67. Biogeographic reconstructions
• Relative probabilities for each node
e.g. Node of the Myotis sensu lato:
• E.g. At node X:
• split lnL Rel.Prob
• [BC|C] -141.2 0.7381• [BC|C] -141.2 0.7381
• [C|C] -143.6 0.06645
• [B|C] -144 0.04323
• [A|C] -144.5 0.02802
• [AB|A] -144.5 0.02596
• [AB|B] -144.6 0.02476
• [AC|C] -145 0.01643
• [BC|B] -145.5 0.009844
69. • Nucleotidic model of evolution:
- General Time Reversible (GTR)
- Gamma distribution of the variation rate (ΓΓΓΓ)
- Proportion of invariant sites (INV)
GTR + Γ + INV
• Base frequencies ∏, substitution rates (from
a to f) and branch lengths
A C G T
A - a∏C b∏G c∏T
C a∏A - d∏G e∏T
G b∏A d∏C - f∏T
T c∏A e∏C f∏G -