By- Anamika Nath. B.E. Computer Science & Engineering. 5th Semester. NITS Mirza, Guwahati, Assam. Date: 03//12/'12

1. 4th GENERATION INTEL®
CORE™ PROCESSOERS
Prepared by: Anamika Nath.
B.E. (5th Semester).
Roll No. N-10/48.
Registration. No. 67864/2010-11.
Computer Science & Engineering.
NITS Mirza.
19-Oct.-’12 1

2. CONTENTS…
1. Computer Processor & Its Components
2. Schematic Diagram of Computer Architecture
3. Machine cycle for a processor
4. History of processor
5. Multi-tasking processor
6. Microprocessor
7. INTEL®
• Concept of GENERATION
8. 4th Generation Intel® Core™ Processor & Advantages
9. Speed of 4th generation Intel® core™ processor
• 486 Processor
10. Conclusion
References
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3. Introduction To Computer
Processor
• A machine that processes something is a processor.
• An electronic circuit which executes computer programs, containing a
processing unit and a control and in computer CPU processes the
machine.
• A central processing unit (CPU) is the hardware within a computer
system which carries out the instructions of a computer program by
performing the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of
the system.
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4. Components Of A Processor
Two typical components of a CPU:
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) - performs arithmetic and logical
operations.
• The control unit (CU) - extracts instructions from memory and decodes
and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.
• The CPU is comprised of several components that execute specific
functions.
 Execution Unit
 Branch Predictor
 Floating Point Unit
 Primary Cache
 Bus Interface
 Processor Clock
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5. Schematic Diagram of
Computer Architecture
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6. Machine Cycle for a Processor
 Step 1 : Fetching
 Step 2 : Decoding
 Step 3 : Executing
 Step 4 : Storing (If necessary)
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7. History Of Processor
• 1960s CPU by IBM
• By the end of the 1970s technology had reached the point where CPUs
could be commercially produced and were the size of a fingernail.
• During the 1980s, CPUs became a
standard component in consumer electronics & could be found in
cameras, television sets and pocket calculators etc..
• By next decade, due to small size & chip cost the CPU allowed
computers to cross over from industry to home.
• Today, engineers are making them ever smaller and more powerful.7

8. Multi-Tasking Processor
• The ability to execute more than one task at the same time.
Types of multi-tasking:
1. Primitive : Operating system parcels out CPU time slices to each program
equally.
Example – OS/2, Windows 95, Windows NT, UNIX.
2. Co-operative : Each program can control the CPU for as long as it needs.
Example – Microsoft Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Mac OSX.
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9. Microprocessor
• Fabrication of ALU unit & control unit in a single IC package is known
as microprocessor and is known as the brain of computer.
It’s the example of sequential digital logic as it has internal memory.
• It includes:-
– Control unit
– ALU
– I/O unit
– Register unit
– Memory unit
Type of Microprocessor designed
1. 8-bit designs
2. 12-bit designs
3. 16-bit designs
4. 32-bit designs
5. 64-bit designs
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10. INTEL®
• INTEL invented by Robert Noyce and Gordon.
1969 world's first metal oxide semi-conductor (MOS) static RAM
1969 3101 Schottky bipolar 64-bit static random access memory (SRAM)
chip
1971 Intel 4004
1972 First 8-bit microprocessor the 8008
1974 Intel 8080 microprocessor
1975 8080 microprocessor was used in one of the first consumer home
computer
1976 Intel introduced the first micro-controllers, the 8748 and 8048, a
computer on a chip optimized to control electronic devices.
1993 Pentium was basically the outcome of a research conducted by an
Indian engineer, Vinod Dham, the inventor of the computer chip &
popularly known as the Father of the Pentium chip.
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11. 5/5/2013 [Project Name]
Concept of GENERATION
• The term Generation is applied to Intel®
processors to mean new and significant
developments in processor architecture or
functions.
• And all Intel ® team is ultimately the one deciding
the names 2nd, 3rd, 4th and so on generation.
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12. 4th Generation Intel® Core™
Processor & Advantages
• 4th Generation Intel® Core™ Processor (codenamed haswell), more
advanced, faster and new line of low-power processor, coming in 2013,
aims to set a new standard for mobile computing experiences and
innovative Ultrabook, and tablet designs.
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13. 486 Processor
• Reduced instruction-execution time. A single instruction in the 486
takes an average of only two clock cycles to complete, compared with
an average of more than four cycles on the 386. Clock-multiplied
versions such as the DX2 and DX4 further reduced this to about two
cycles per instruction.
• Internal cache has a hit ratio of 90–95 percent, which describes how
often zero-wait-state read operations will occur. External caches can
improve this ratio further. So, Its very fast.
• Burst-mode memory cycles.
• Built-in (synchronous) enhanced math coprocessor (some versions).
The math instructions
• in fewer cycles. On average, the math coprocessor built into the
• DX-series chips provides two to three times greater math performance
than an external 387 chip.
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14. Speed of 4th generation Intel®
core™ processor
Intel DX2 and DX4 Operating Speeds Versus Motherboard Clock Speeds
Processor speed DX2(2x mode) Speed DX4(2.5x mode) Speed DX4(3x mode) Speed DX4
16MHz Motherboard 32MHz 32MHz 40MHz 48MHz
40MHz Motherboard 80MHz 80MHz 100MHz 120MHz
20MHz Motherboard 40MHz 40MHz 50MHz 60MHz
50MHz Motherboard n/a 100MHz n/a n/a
25MHz Motherboard 50MHz 50MHz 63MHz 75MHz
33MHz Motherboard 66MHz 66MHz 83MHz 100MHz
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15. Conclusion
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• 4th Generation Intel® Core™ Processor codenamed
haswell.
• It gives high speed, HD Graphics, Significant 3D
and media performance improvement and display
with high resolution up-to 4Kx2K pixels.
• Mainly made for new standard mobile computation,
innovative Ultrabook, convertible and tablet
designs.
• Releasing in 2013.

16. References
• Antonio Gonzalez, Fernando Latorre and Grigorios Magklis, Processor
Microarchitecture, MORGAN & CLAYPOOL PUBLISHERS, Mark D.
Hill, Series Editor.
• http://www.scribd.com/doc/598/How-Computer-Processors-Work
• http://www.intel.in/content/www/in/en/homepage.html
• http://www.zdnet.com/idf-2012-intel-demonstrates-haswell-4th-gen-
core-processors-7000004070/
• http://tech2.in.com/news/cpus/idf-2012-4th-gen-intel-core-processors-
to-set-new-standard-for-mobile-computing/431212/
• http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=130978&seqNum=28
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