1. “ Laser in Orthopedic Surgery” (Part-4) Interaction & effects of Laser (UV-IR) radiation on Biological Hard Tissues and its application in Orthopedic Surgery. Presented by Dr. Md Nazrul islam. Assistant Registrar, Orthopedic and Traumatology Dep't.Shaheed Suhrawardy Hospital, Sher-E-Bangla Nagor, Dhaka-1207. Bangladesh. [email_address] .

6. Basics of Hard Tissue: Basics of Hard tissue

7. Basics of Hard Tissue: Basics of Hard tissue :

8. Radio Anatomy of Bone: Basics of Hard tissue

12. Types of laser act on Tissue: Laser: General View.

28. Important parameters of laser of medical interest: Laser: General View.

30. Important parameters of laser of medical interest: Laser: General View.

31. Different types of laser used in medical application: Laser: General View.

33. Laser and Hard tissue interaction: Laser interaction With Hard Tissue:

34. Interaction of laser with Hard Tissue: Laser interaction With Hard Tissue:

35. Laser-tissue interactions: Laser interaction With Hard Tissue:

36. Laser-tissue interactions: Laser interaction With Hard Tissue:

37. Interaction of laser with Hard Tissue: Laser interaction With Hard Tissue:

38. Interaction of laser with Hard Tissue: Laser interaction with Hard Tissue:

40. Interaction of laser with biologic tissues: Laser : interaction with Hard Tissue:

44. Photomedicine: Photochemical Effects- Laser light increases cell permeability Light is absorbed by mitochondria Leading to increased ATP production. Cascade of metabolic effects causes a number of physiological Improvement in Macrophage response and validity - Immune system boost/repair and increases in cellular proliferation. Mode of action of Laser with Hard Tissue:

46. Schematic diagram of tissue healing by laser: Mode of action of Laser with Hard Tissue:

47. Laser: Biostimulative effects. Biostimulation is believed to occur at very low irradiances and to belong to the group of photochemical interactions. Wound healing and anti- inflammatory properties by red or near infrared light Typical energy fluences lie in the range 1–10 J/cm2. Mode of action of Laser with Hard Tissue:

49. Laser: Thermal effects- Mode of action of Laser with Hard Tissue:

50. Laser: Thermal effects- Mode of action of Laser with Hard Tissue:

56. Application: Mechanical effects of laser on Hard Tissue: Mode of action of Laser with Hard Tissue:

57. Laser ablation Laser Micro Nano Ablation Cutting Dissection Surgery Scissors Laser: Mode action on Hard on Tissue:

60. Ablation curves of fresh and dried bone obtained with a CO2 laser. Ablation curves of fresh and dried bone obtained with a CO2 laser (pulse duration: 250 μs, wavelength: 10.6 μm). Due to its higher water content, freshbone is ablated more efficiently. Data according to Forrer et al. (1993). Mode of action of Laser with Hard Tissue:

61. Ablation curve of fresh bone obtained with an Er:YAG laser- (b) Ablation curve of bone obtained with an Er:YAG laser (pulse duration: 180 μs, wavelength:2.94 μm). Data according to Scholz and Grothves-Spork (1992). Mode of action of Laser with Hard Tissue:

71. Orthopedic Application of Laser: N onoperative: Wound Management: Partial tear of Tendoachilis (Approximately 50 percent) Orthopedic Application of Laser.

75. Orthopedic Application of Laser . Orthopedic Application of Laser: Spine-