1. Non-Conventional (Renewable) Energy Sources
Non-Conventional (Renewable) Energy Sources
Wind Energy
 It is plentiful, inexhaustible and pollution free
 Which was the first country to use wind for generation of electricity?
 Windmills convert wind power to electrical power.
 Typical systems range fro 30KW for individual units to 5.0MW for wind farms of
multiple units.
 Hub heights are around 80m and rotor diameters are 65m.
Propeller Type American Multi blade Type
Savonius Rotor Type Darrieus Rotor Type
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2. Non-Conventional (Renewable) Energy Sources
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE OF WIND MACHINE
WIND FARM OFFSHORE WIND FARM
INSIDE THE TOWER
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3. Non-Conventional (Renewable) Energy Sources
DISADVANTAGES
 Blow down of towers due to hurricane or typhoon.
 High acoustic noise level.
 Requires energy storage batteries
Solar Power
SOLAR WATER HEATING ARRANGEMENT
Applications of solar power
 Space and water heating in domestic and commercial buildings
 Large scale heat collection for generation of electricity
 Domestic lighting
 Street lighting
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4. Non-Conventional (Renewable) Energy Sources
 Village electrification
 Water pumping
 Desalination of salty water
 Railway/traffic signals
Solar Tree Solar And Wind Power
Operation Of Fuel Cell
 A fuel cell is an electrochemical conversion device.
 It produces electricity from fuel(on the anode side) and an oxidant(on the cathode side),
which react in the presence of an electrolyte.
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5. Non-Conventional (Renewable) Energy Sources
 A hydrogen fuel cell uses hydrogen as its fuel and oxygen (usually from air) as its
oxidant.
 An Electrolyte is sandwiched between two electrodes.
 Oxygen passes through one end and hydrogen from the other and they electrochemically
react to generate electricity, water and heat.
 Encouraged by a catalyst, the hydrogen atom splits into proton and electron, which take
different paths to cathode.
 Proton passes through the electrolyte and electron creates current which can be utilized
before it returns to cathode. There it reunites with hydrogen and oxygen to form water
Application of Fuel cell
 Fuel cell car
 Powering buses, boats, trains, planes, scooters, forklifts, even bicycles.
 Fuel cell-powered vending machines, vacuum cleaners and highway road signs
 Miniature fuel cells for cellular phones, laptop computers and portable electronics are on
their way to market.
 Hospitals, credit card centers, police stations, and banks are all using fuel cells to provide
power to their facilities.
 Wastewater treatment plants and landfills are using fuel cells to convert the methane gas
they produce into electricity.
 Telecommunications companies are installing fuel cells at cell phone, radio
Tidal Power Plant
 The tides offer a source of energy because of the P.E. of the raised tide water or the K.E.
of the tidal stream
 The water on the earth rises and falls due to changing gravitation force.
Water wheel in tidal stream Tidal Power Assistant
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6. Non-Conventional (Renewable) Energy Sources
Tidal Power
Selection Of Site
 The tidal range should be large
 The storage area should be large
 The site should allow the development of the necessary plant for reasonable cost
GEOTHERMAL POWER
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7. Non-Conventional (Renewable) Energy Sources
Uses of Geo Thermal Energy
 Many farmers use geothermal power to heat their greenhouses. In Tuscany, Italy,
farmers have used water heated by geothermal energy for hundreds of years to grow
vegetables in the winter.
 Eighty percent of the energy demand from vegetables growers is met by using
geothermal energy.
 Geothermal energy is also used in fishing farms. The warm water spurs the growth of
animals ranging from alligators, shellfish, tropical fish, amphibians to catfish and trout.
Fish farmers from Oregon, Idaho, China, Japan, and even Iceland use geothermal power.
 Industry is another consumer of geothermal energy. Its uses vary from drying fruits,
vegetables, wood, dying wool to extracting gold and silver from ore.
 Geothermal energy is also used to heat sidewalks and roads to prevent freezing in the
winter.
Geothermal power is a good electricity generator as well
 Flashed Steam Plants- The water "flash" boils and the steam is used to turn turbines.
 Dry Steam Plants- These plants rely on the natural steam that comes from the
underground reservoirs to generate electricity.
 Binary Power Plants- These plants use the water to heat a "secondary liquid" which
vaporizes and turns the turbines. The vaporized liquid is then condensed and reused.
 Hybrid Power Plants- In these plants binary and flash techniques are utilized
simultaneously.
Bio Gas Power
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8. Non-Conventional (Renewable) Energy Sources
Magneto-Hydrodynamic Power
MHD CYCLE WITH STEAM
 Heat Energy to Electric Energy.
 Ionized gas is collected my metallic collecting plates.
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9. Non-Conventional (Renewable) Energy Sources
 Fuel with seed(Potassium which increases conductivity of gas) is introduced to the
burner.
 Magnet deflects some of the ions to the plate which gets charged and produce a DC
electric potential.
Application
 MHD power generation fueled by potassium-seeded coal combustion gas showed potential for
more efficient energy conversion
 MHD Sensors to measure the exact velocity
 Geophysics: supercomputer model of the Earth's interior can be made using MHD equations.
After running the simulations, the changes in Earth's magnetic field can be studied.
 Astrophysics: MHD applies quite well to astrophysics since over 99% of baryonic matter content
of the Universe is made up of plasma, including stars, the interplanetary medium (space between
the planets), the interstellar medium (space between the stars), nebulae and jets. Many
astrophysical systems are not in local thermal equilibrium, and therefore require an additional
kinematic treatment to describe all the phenomena within the system (see Astrophysical plasma).
 Magnetic Drug Targeting: Latest research on cancer is partly focused on localized delivery of
cancer medicine to the affected part of the body. For targeting the same permanent magnets can
be used by positioning them at suitable locations of the external body. To study the interaction
between the magnetic fluid particles passing through the blood with the external magnetic field,
magneto hydrodynamic equations and finite element analysis are used. Thus the efficacy of such
treatments can be estimated.
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