Introduction To Fso Technology

Wireless Product Division Introduction to FSO Technology By Itshak Kidouchim – Jan 2007

Introduction to FSO – Free Space Optics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],I - What is FSO

II - Why Free Space Optics (FSO)? The “Last Mile” Bottleneck Problem Only about 10% of commercial buildings are lit with fiber ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Why Free Space Optics? Why Not Just Bury More Fiber? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],With FSO, especially through the window, no permits, no digging, no fees

Ground Lasercom Terminal Satellite Lasercom Terminal 1 Gbps 2000 km range Commercial Lasercom Examples of FSO Systems

Worldwide Installations USA Canada Mexico Brazil Argentina Uruguay China Singapore Japan India Philippines Taiwan S. Korea Australia Thailand Vietnam Malaysia Indonesia South Africa Nigeria Slovenia Croatia Latvia Czechoslovakia Gibraltar Luxemburg Netherlands France Norway Greece Germany England Switzerland Sweden Portugal Spain Italy Turkey Israel Saudi Arabia MRV Communications: More than 7000 links installed

Electromagnetic Spectrum Spread spectrum Microwave 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9 10 10 10 11 10 12 10 13 10 14 10 15 10 16 Hertz kHz MHz GHz THz 10 7 10 6 10 5 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 1 0.1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -4 10 -5 10 -6 10 -7 10 -8 Frequency Wavelength Radio Waves Microwaves Infrared UV Power & Telephone Copper wire transmission km meter cm mm mm 10 -9 nm 10 17 Coaxial cable Fiber optic AM radio FM radio Laser communication Unlicensed III – The Technology Smaller carrier wavelength / Higher Bandwidth

Near Infrared Visible Spectrum 400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm 800 nm 900 nm HeNe 780 nm 810 nm 850 nm 1550 nm Near Infrared 1300 nm

How does it work? Fiber Optic Cable Laser Transmitter Receiver Network Network Lens Free space

How FSO works? Anything that can be done in fiber can be done with FSO 1 Network traffic converted into pulses of invisible light representing 1’s and 0’s 2 Transmitter projects the carefully aimed light pulses into the air 5 ,[object Object],[object Object],3 A receiver at the other end of the link collects the light using lenses and/or mirrors 4 Received signal converted back into fiber or copper and connected to the network

IV - Free Space Optics Positioning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Bandwidth - Wireless ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],FSO ≡ Ultra Bandwidth Wireless Solutions MRV Leading the Gigabit Wireless Revolution

Access Technologies Positioning c 10 Gbps 1 Gbps 100 Mbps 10 Mbps 1 Mbps 200 m 50 m 500 m 1 km 5 km 15 km+ Fiber LMDS WiFi Optical Wireless T-1 DSL Future Performances

Security Wireless ? ,[object Object],Very wide How many times did you see other Radio network in your area ?  FSO ≡ Most Secure Wireless Solutions Very narrow and directional mrad divergence Range = R = 1000 m = 1 km ~2 m ,[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Narrow Beam Advantages

Applications Point-to-Point Ring Secure Ultra Bandwidth Wireless Mesh

V - General Terms Beam Divergence - measure of angle or how much the beam spreads circle: 360° (degrees) = 2π radians 1 radian = 57° (degrees) 1 milliradian = 0.001 rad = 0.057° (degree) 80 µ radians = 0.00008 rad = 0.0046° (degree) (satellite) 2.5 mrad divergence 1 mrad divergence Range = R = 1000 m = 1 km 80 µrad divergence 1 radian Laser Communication System 2.5 m 1 m 8 cm STRV-2 Satellite Laser Communication System

Tx Tx High geometric loss. . . . . .good link stability. Narrow angle Tx . . .poor link stability. Wide angle Link stability – Depending on Beam divergence Tx

Geometric loss Beam Area Receiver Lens Area  d B ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],d R R (air transmission distance) Tx

The Decibel - dB ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Gain/Loss Multiplier +30 db +20 db +10 db 0 db -10 db -20 db -30 db 1000 100 10 1 .1 .01 .001

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Total available margins = System Gain - Attenuation Link Budget

Environmental factors Sunlight Building Motion Alignment Window Attenuation Fog Each of these factors can “attenuate” (reduce) the signal. However, there are ways to mitigate each environmental factor. Scintillation Range Obstructions Low Clouds Sunlight

Environmental effects – Rain, Scintillation & Haze Type of events

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],VI – Effects of the weather on FSO com.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Environmental effects – Scattering, Scintillation & Turbulence

Typical Scattering Attenuation Factors for Various Weather Conditions Scattering

Effective Link Range vs. Winter Visibility ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],FOG RAIN SNOW

Scintillation & Turbulence Atmospheric turbulence (ie. wind) produce temporary pockets of air with different temperature thus different density thus different index of refraction. These air pockets and are continuously being created and then destroyed as they are mixed. The effect of these cells which lie along the laser beam path depends on the size of the cells. Laser Beam Wander if the cells are larger than the beam diameter Scintillation if the cells are smaller than the beam diameter. The wavefront becomes distorted due to constructive and destructive interference creating fluctuations in receive power, similar to the twinkling of a distant star.

Scintillation & Turbulence Power Time Power Time Laser Beam Wander Transmit power Receive power Power Time Power Time Scintillation Total Effect is the sum of both Power Time

Scintillation caused burst errors Serial bit stream Fluctuating received laser power Minimum receive power threshold Burst error Burst error

Link Bandwidth vs. Link Range @ various Atmospheric attenuation values * * TS5000/G TS5000/155 Ethernet/4E1 E1 Bandwidth 1 km 1.25Gbps 100Mbps 10Mbps 2Mbps 2 km 3 km 4 km 5 km * 30 dB/km 17 dB/km 10 dB/km 3 dB/km @ @ @ * @ For operation under light to medium rain, light snow, light haze. * For operation under medium to heavy rain – snow, thin fog. For operation under cloudburst, medium snow, light fog. For operation under blizzard, moderate fog. @ 6 km

VII - Competitive Technology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VIII - MRV TereScope™ Series - Matrix ,[object Object],[object Object]

IX – TS Installation Examples TS5000 Datec

DisneyLand - France TS3303 with Fusion M6- France

Sofdit, 7m pole - France TS707/4E1, Yanisahra - Turkey

Vitrolles – France 10 links

X - TereScope Structure בס " ד A - TS155 BLOCK DIAGRAM 1-155Mbps Interface unit Control Panel Management Unit(optional) Air Link Transmitter Air Link Receiver AC / DC Power Supply Clock / Data Recovery RSM-DC (Option) Data Out Data In Interface

B - 4E1 BLOCK DIAGRAM E1/T1 Line Interface unit E1/T1 Line Interface unit E1/T1 Line Interface unit E1/T1 Line Interface unit 4 E1/T1 Multiplexer / Demultiplexer Device Clock/Data Recovery Control Panel Management Unit(optional) Air Link Transmitter Air Link Receiver AC / DC Power Supply

Advantages of Infrared Wireless links ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],XI - Summary

THANK YOU ww.mrv.com [email_address]

Introduction To Fso Technology

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Introduction To Fso Technology