1. Biotechnology as a tool for improved agricultural productivity as a result of climate change and solution to reduced global warming due to agricultural activities Maurice E. Oyoo, * Muniu FK and Kibet PK [email_address] K. A. R. I. (Kenya)

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9. Table 2: Leading world producers of GM foods Rank Country Area (million hectares) Biotech Crops 1* USA # 57.7 Soybean, maize, cotton, canola, squash, papaya, alfalfa 2* Argentina # 19.1 Soybean, maize, cotton 3* Brazil 15 Soybean, cotton 4* Canada # 7 Canola, maize, soybean 5* India 6.2 Cotton 6* China 3.8 Cotton, tomato, poplar, petunia, papaya, sweet pepper 7* Paraguay 2.6 Soybean 8* South Africa # 1.8 Maize, soybean, cotton 9* Uruguay 0.5 Soybean, maize 10* Philippines # 0.3 Maize 11* Australia # 0.1 Cotton 12* Spain 0.1 Maize 13* Mexico # 0.1 Cotton, soybean 14 Colombia # <0.1 Cotton, carnation 15 Chile # <0.1 Maize, soybean, canola 16 France <0.1 Maize 17 Honduras # <0.1 Maize 18 Czech Republic <0.1 Maize 19 Portugal <0.1 Maize 20 Germany <0.1 Maize 21 Slovakia <0.1 Maize 22 Romania <0.1 Maize 23 Poland <0.1 Maize  * - 13 biotech mega - countries g rowing 50,000 hectares, or more, of biotech crops  # - Deploying stacked products containing two or three traits with multiple benefits.  Source: Clive James, 2007 .

17. Table 3. Tractor fuel consumption by tillage method Source: “GM crops: global socio-economic and environmental impacts 1996-2006,” Barfoot, P. and Brookes, G (2008). Tillage system Tractor fuel consumption ( Litre/ha) Traditional cultivation: mouldboard plough, disc and seed planting etc. 46.65 Conservation cultivation (RT): chisel plough, disc and seed planting 28.83 No-till (NT) (fertilizer knife, seed planting plus 2 sprays: pre-plant burn down and post-emergent) 14.12

19. Table 4. Context of carbon sequestration impact 2006: car equivalents Source: GM crops: global socio-economic and environmental impacts 1999-2006. Bafoot, P and Brookes, G (2008). Crop/trait/country Permanent CO2 savings arising from reduced fuel use (million kg of CO2) Average family car equivalents removed from the road for a year from the permanent fuel savings Potential additional soil carbon sequestration savings (million kg of CO2) Average family car equivalents removed from the road for a year from the potential additional soil carbon sequestration US: GM HT soybeans 245 108,877 4,064 1,806,345 Argentina: GMHT soybeans 659 293,094 6,994 3,108,408 Other countries: GM HT soybeans 77 34,091 813 361,547 Canada: GM HT canola 136 60,541 1,677 745,304 Global GM IR cotton 98 43,582 0 0 Total 1,215 540,186 13,549 6,021,604

22. GM crop (Research & Development) Major global players Leader countries in Africa * Field trials conducted Agricultural Biotechnology Focus in Africa Improved crop quality or HT or IT Developing countries with significant programs Countries with potential and/or engaged research

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