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Minerals, water and electrolytes
- 1. Minerals
- 3. Macrominerals Microminerals Calcium Phosphorus Potassium Sodium Magnesium Sulfur Chlorine Iron Iodine Cobalt Copper Zinc Manganese Molybdenum Selenium Chromium Flourine
- 26. ELECTROLYTES
- 39. Microminerals
- 42. IRON
- 52. ZINC
- 58. SELENIUM
- 66. Manganese
- 73. COBALT
- 78. CHROMIUM
- 84. FLUORINE
- 92. MOLYBDENUM
- 105. WATER
- 110. Functions of Water in the Body H 2 O Transport Agent Reactant Tissue Lubricant Helps maintain body temp Solvent
- 115. Table 1. Water Balance (Average figures in ml) Source Water Intake Fluids 1400 Water in food 700 Water from cellular oxidation of food 200 1 g CHO = 0.6 g water 1 g CHON = 0.4 g water 1 g Fat = 1.0 g water TOTAL 2300
- 117. Table 2. Water Balance (Average output in ml) Normal Temp Hot Weather Prolonged Exercise Urine 1400 1200 500 Water in Feces 100 100 100 Skin (sweat) 100 1400 5000 Insensible loss Skin Respiratory Tract 350 350 350 250 250 650 TOTAL 2300 3300 6600
- 122. Allowances for Water Note : + 15 ml/kg in excess of 20 kg at age > 50 Method of Estimation Fluid Requirements, ml/kg Body Weight Adults, y ml/kg Young active, 15-30 40 Average, 25-55 35 Older, 55-65 30 Elderly, > 65 25
- 123. Allowances for Water Method of Estimation Fluid Requirements, ml/kg Body Weight Children, kg 1-10 100 11-20 + 50 ml/kg in excess of 10 kg 21 or more + 20 ml/kg in excess of 20 kg
- 124. Allowances for Water Reference: 2002 RENI Method of Estimation Fluid Requirements, ml/kg Energy Intake 1 ml/kcal for adults 1.5 ml/ kcal for infants Nitrogen + energy intake 100 ml/g Nitrogen intake plus 1 ml/kcal Body Surface Area 1500 ml/m