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ultrasonic images of abortion
- 1. U/S IMAGES OF ABORTION BY DR SAMINA KAKAR HO IN RADIOLOGY DEPT BMCH
- 6. Spontaneous Abortion Causes Genital Tract Infections Bacterial vaginosis Vaginal mycoplasma infection Medical Disorders Diabetes Thyroid disease Hypertensive disorders Renal disease
- 7. Spontaneous Abortion Causes Endocrine Abnormalities Poor development of the corpus luteum Inadequate secretory endometrium Low serum progesterone levels Uterine Abnormalities Structural abnormalities implicated in 15% of early pregnancy losses e.g. Double uterus Unicornuate, bicornuate, septate or subseptate uterus Failure of uterus to develop to adult size, remaining infantile
- 8. Spontaneous Abortion Causes Retroversion of the Uterus Does not itself cause abortion As uterus fails to enlarge into abdomen, vaginal and abdominal manipulation to correct the retroversion causes abortion Cervical Weakness Caused by laceration of cervix or undue stretching of internal os as a result of previous medical abortion or childbirth Membranes bulge through cervical canal and rupture Characterised by recurrent late pregnancy losses
- 9. Spontaneous Abortion Causes Environmental Factors Environment teratogens such as lead and radiation Ingested teratogenetic substances such as drugs (namely cocaine) and alcohol Smoking Maternal Age Women in late 30’s and older at higher risk, irrespective of previous obstetric history
- 10. Spontaneous Abortion Causes Stress and Anxiety Severe emotional upset may disrupt hypothalmic and pituitary functions Paternal Factors Poor sperm quality Source of chromosomal abnormalities Immunologocial Factors Maternal lymphocytes with natural killer cell activity may affect trophoblast development Autoimmune diseases such as antiphospholipid syndrome
- 11. Spontaneous Abortion Threatened Miscarriage Signs and Symptoms Pain: Variable, possibly slight lower abdominal pain or backache Bleeding: Scant, during first 3 months Cervical Os: Closed, no dilation Uterus: If palpable, soft and not tender
- 12. Normal ultrasonic image of 7 wks pregnancy
- 14. Spontaneous Abortion Inevitable Miscarriage Signs and Symptoms Pain: Severe, rhythmical Bleeding: Heavy, clots Cervical Os: Open with dilation Uterus: If palpable, smaller than expected
- 16. Spontaneous Abortion Incomplete Miscarriage Signs and Symptoms Pain: Severe Bleeding: Heavy, profuse Cervical Os: Open with dilation Uterus: Tender and painful Other: Tissue present in cervix Shock
- 18. Spontaneous Abortion Complete Miscarriage Signs and Symptoms Pain: Diminishing or absent Bleeding: Minimal or absent Cervical Os: Closed Uterus: If palpable, firm and contracted
- 20. Spontaneous Abortion Missed Miscarriage Signs and Symptoms Pain: Absent Bleeding: Some spotting possible, brown loss Cervical Os: Closed Uterus: If palpable, smaller than expected
- 22. Confirmation of cardiac activity of fetus by
- 23. No cardiac activity seen on magnifying cardiac
- 24. Spontaneous Abortion Septic Miscarriage Signs and Symptoms Pain: Severe or variable Bleeding: Variable, may be offensive Cervical Os: Open Uterus: Bulky, tender and painful on examination