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Digital Storytelling
     How Narratives are Being
Reinterpreted through Digital Media

            Alexa Wheeler
On Storytelling

Tell me a fact and I’ll learn
Tell me a truth and I’ll believe
Tell me a story and I’ll remember it
forever
Storytelling Conventions
 Linear narrative
     The development of a story from beginning, middle, end


 Nonlinear narratives
     The process of revealing a narrative not in chronological
     format



 Non-linear format begs user input and collaboration -
 interactivity
Complex Communication
 Regardless of the medium and form of delivery, storytelling still
 needs to focus on content and not just grammar and syntax
 alone.

 Defined as - “conveying not just information, but ...
 persuading, explaining, and in other ways conveying a
 particular interpretation of information.” - Levy and Murnane
 2004

 Mastering this complex communication is more relevant now
 than at any time in our history

 Much of this communication is now accessible through
 interactivity on a variety of “screens”
The Read/Write Web
Tim Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web in 1989

His vision - “The original thing I wanted to do was make it a
collaborative medium, a place where we could all meet and
write.”

1993 - first web browser - “Mosaic”

Users could access a multitude of information, but only a select
few who could code and program HTML, for example, could
write

Within a decade, by 2003, almost 50% of Americans had used
the web to publish their thoughts, post pictures, share files,
and contribute in some form or fashion to the vast information
on the web through blogging platforms and social media
outlets
Not just Reading & Writing....
Also, by 2008, over 100,000 videos are being uploaded to
YouTube every day - only 1 example of the many video upload
sites...

Social connection sites have a vast membership community

    Facebook - over 600,000,000 as of 2011

    Twitter - over 175,000,000 as of 2011

    LinkedIn - 100,000,000 as of 2011



How are students different now?...
Students Realities
Students:

    are fearless in their use of technology and seize it for
    means of self-expression - and enjoy ENGAGING with an
    immediate audience

    are using a wide variety of technologies to access
    information, many of which are “forbidden” in the learning
    environment; ex. Wikipedia - “to forbid it is an anti-
    intellectual reaction to a knowledge-making, global
    phenomenon of global proportions.” (The Future of Learning in the Digital
    Age, 2009)


    are in need of the skills not only to be knowledgable
    readers and writers, but collaborators & editors &
    publishers

    According to the Digital Test Kitchen of the University of
    Colorado at Boulder, over 50% of college students are using
    a “smart-phone” mobile device to access information
Digital Storytelling
“Digital Storytelling is the modern expression of the ancient art
of storytelling. Throughout history, storytelling has been used
to share knowledge, wisdom, and values. Stories have taken
many different forms. Stories have been adapted to each
successive medium that has emerged, from the circle of the
campfire to the silver screen, and now the computer screen.”
        The Digital Storytelling Association | Gail Matthews-DeNatale, Simmons
        College


In 2012, this “screen” has evolved into many devices, most of
which are portable and mobile

This “modern expression” includes multi-media - voice,
imagery - still and time based (video, animation, simulation),
music/sound to create a visual story

develops visual and media literacy & knowledgable
The 7 Elements of Digital Storytelling
         According to The Center for Digital Storytelling in Berkeley,
         California:
                         What is the main point of the story and what is the perspective of
Point of View            the author?

                         A key questions that keeps the viewers attention and will be
A Dramatic Question      answered by the end of the story.

                         Serious issues that come alive in a personal and powerful way and
Emotional Content        connects the story to the audience.

                         A way to personalize the story to help the audience understand
The Gift of Your Voice   the context.

The Power of             Music or other sounds that embellish and support the storyline.
Soundtrack
                         Using just enough content to tell the story without overloading
Economy                  the viewer.

Pacing                   The rhythm of the story and how slowly or quickly it progresses.
On Interactive Storytelling

  Tell me, and I will forget.
  Show me, and I may remember.
  Involve me, and I will understand.
           Confucious, c. 450 B.C.
Action in Interactivity
According to the University of Minnesota School of Journalism and Mass Communication’s
Institute for New Media Studies, there are 2 main actions in interactivity:

       Content Action and User Action

            Static/Active

                 user action generates additional static content

            Dynamic/Passive

                 content begins to move and requires no prompting from
                 the user

            Dynamic/Active

                 user action spawns additional dynamic content action

                 with dynamic/active - there is a sense of user control I
                 say sense because this is not always the case! many
                 times there are pre-determined algorithms that give the
Web as Platform for Delivery
Using the world wide web as a platform for delivery, we can
explore the use of Digital Storytelling in multiple genres:


    News - Huffington Post (social news), New York Times
    (blogs), NPR

    Games - AR Games- AR Invaders | Locative Media -
    NodeRunner

    Books - ebooks (Google, Project Gutenberg), interactive
    (The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore, “Our
    Choice” 4:35)

    Art - UBUweb, FLONG, personal blogs/sites

    Augmented Reality Art- Layar Software, (un)seen art

    Films - YouTube, Vimeo, UBUweb, Interactive Narratives
Delivery on Multiple Devices
Using the world wide web as a platform for delivery, we can
explore the use of Digital Storytelling on multiple devices, and
“stories” and texts can be constantly revised easily:


    Computers

    Tablets

    eReaders (nook, Kindle)

    Electronic Pads (iPad)

    Music storage units (iPod)

    Cell phones
Delivery Intentions
The intentions of the story and anticipation of audience can
instigate various reasons for creation of digital storytelling:

    Personal narrative - StoryCorps, individual blogs & sites

    Social change - Stories for Change, InvisiblePeople.tv

    Community - Indivisible, American Family Stories

    Language and Literature - Journal of Ordinary Thought,
    Katha

    Ethnicity - Beyond the Fire, Iowa Roots

    History - Center for History and New Media, 911 Digital
    Archive
Investigate the Tools Available
With such a wide variety of tools available, it is important to
understand the opportunities and limitations of those available
to create your story:


    Digital Software Tools

        Money - Adobe, Apple, Autodesk

        Free Open-Source - GIMP, InkScape, SWIFT, Blender

    Web hosted tools - Blurb, Flickr, Instagram

    Publishing platforms - WordPress, Tumblr, Zapd,
    VoiceThread, SlideShare, Animoto, Facebook, PBworks,
    Prezi, Storify
Explore Collaboration

Intention - decide what the intention of your story holds
and what your intention is for your audience

Explore the tools - some require mastery, others are
intuitive

Explore the media - will it be sound, photographs, the
moving image, the written word, or what is the
combination?

Delivery - choose a delivery method that supports this
intention - website, mobile device, app, video game,
performance, speech....

Interactivity - determine the amount of content action and
user action your digital narrative requires for The
A Story on Stories...
To the best of our KNOWLEDGE:

  Wisconsin Public Radio - podcast, download, stream

  Jonathan Harris on Cowbird:

     13:20 - “Stories of Us” in iTunes (to 5:54...)

     Transcript of Jonathan Harris on ttbook.com

     http://ttbook.org/book/stories-us


  COWBIRD - www.cowbird.com
Bibliography
•   Klopfer, Eric. Augmented Learning: Research and Design of Mobile Educational Games. Cambridge, MA:
    MIT, 2008. Print.

•   Davidson, Drew. Beyond Fun: Serious Games and Media. ETC, 2008. Print.

•   Davidson, Cathy N., and David Theo. Goldberg. The Future of Learning Institutions in a Digital Age.
    Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2009. Print.

•   Richardson, Will. Blogs, Wikis, Podcasts, and Other Powerful Web Tools for Classrooms. Thousand Oaks,
    Calif: Corwin, 2009. Print.

•   Flanagan, Mary. Critical Play: Radical Game Design. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2009. Print.

•   "Digital Storytelling." Educational Uses of Digital Storytelling. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. <http://
    digitalstorytelling.coe.uh.edu/survey/index.html>.

•   "Educational Uses of Digital Storytelling." Educational Uses of Digital Storytelling. Web. 19 Feb. 2012.
    <http://digitalstorytelling.coe.uh.edu/research.html>.

•   Matthews-DeNatale, Ph.D., Gail. "Digital Storytelling: Tips and Resources." Simmons College. Web. 20
    Feb. 2012.
Activity

Set up your wordpress.com blog
Explore the interface
Review settings
Explore appearances, themes, etc...
Write your first blog entry!
Create Your Experience

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Digital Storytelling & Interactive Media

  • 1. Digital Storytelling How Narratives are Being Reinterpreted through Digital Media Alexa Wheeler
  • 2. On Storytelling Tell me a fact and I’ll learn Tell me a truth and I’ll believe Tell me a story and I’ll remember it forever
  • 3. Storytelling Conventions Linear narrative The development of a story from beginning, middle, end Nonlinear narratives The process of revealing a narrative not in chronological format Non-linear format begs user input and collaboration - interactivity
  • 4. Complex Communication Regardless of the medium and form of delivery, storytelling still needs to focus on content and not just grammar and syntax alone. Defined as - “conveying not just information, but ... persuading, explaining, and in other ways conveying a particular interpretation of information.” - Levy and Murnane 2004 Mastering this complex communication is more relevant now than at any time in our history Much of this communication is now accessible through interactivity on a variety of “screens”
  • 5. The Read/Write Web Tim Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web in 1989 His vision - “The original thing I wanted to do was make it a collaborative medium, a place where we could all meet and write.” 1993 - first web browser - “Mosaic” Users could access a multitude of information, but only a select few who could code and program HTML, for example, could write Within a decade, by 2003, almost 50% of Americans had used the web to publish their thoughts, post pictures, share files, and contribute in some form or fashion to the vast information on the web through blogging platforms and social media outlets
  • 6. Not just Reading & Writing.... Also, by 2008, over 100,000 videos are being uploaded to YouTube every day - only 1 example of the many video upload sites... Social connection sites have a vast membership community Facebook - over 600,000,000 as of 2011 Twitter - over 175,000,000 as of 2011 LinkedIn - 100,000,000 as of 2011 How are students different now?...
  • 7. Students Realities Students: are fearless in their use of technology and seize it for means of self-expression - and enjoy ENGAGING with an immediate audience are using a wide variety of technologies to access information, many of which are “forbidden” in the learning environment; ex. Wikipedia - “to forbid it is an anti- intellectual reaction to a knowledge-making, global phenomenon of global proportions.” (The Future of Learning in the Digital Age, 2009) are in need of the skills not only to be knowledgable readers and writers, but collaborators & editors & publishers According to the Digital Test Kitchen of the University of Colorado at Boulder, over 50% of college students are using a “smart-phone” mobile device to access information
  • 8. Digital Storytelling “Digital Storytelling is the modern expression of the ancient art of storytelling. Throughout history, storytelling has been used to share knowledge, wisdom, and values. Stories have taken many different forms. Stories have been adapted to each successive medium that has emerged, from the circle of the campfire to the silver screen, and now the computer screen.” The Digital Storytelling Association | Gail Matthews-DeNatale, Simmons College In 2012, this “screen” has evolved into many devices, most of which are portable and mobile This “modern expression” includes multi-media - voice, imagery - still and time based (video, animation, simulation), music/sound to create a visual story develops visual and media literacy & knowledgable
  • 9. The 7 Elements of Digital Storytelling According to The Center for Digital Storytelling in Berkeley, California: What is the main point of the story and what is the perspective of Point of View the author? A key questions that keeps the viewers attention and will be A Dramatic Question answered by the end of the story. Serious issues that come alive in a personal and powerful way and Emotional Content connects the story to the audience. A way to personalize the story to help the audience understand The Gift of Your Voice the context. The Power of Music or other sounds that embellish and support the storyline. Soundtrack Using just enough content to tell the story without overloading Economy the viewer. Pacing The rhythm of the story and how slowly or quickly it progresses.
  • 10. On Interactive Storytelling Tell me, and I will forget. Show me, and I may remember. Involve me, and I will understand. Confucious, c. 450 B.C.
  • 11. Action in Interactivity According to the University of Minnesota School of Journalism and Mass Communication’s Institute for New Media Studies, there are 2 main actions in interactivity: Content Action and User Action Static/Active user action generates additional static content Dynamic/Passive content begins to move and requires no prompting from the user Dynamic/Active user action spawns additional dynamic content action with dynamic/active - there is a sense of user control I say sense because this is not always the case! many times there are pre-determined algorithms that give the
  • 12. Web as Platform for Delivery Using the world wide web as a platform for delivery, we can explore the use of Digital Storytelling in multiple genres: News - Huffington Post (social news), New York Times (blogs), NPR Games - AR Games- AR Invaders | Locative Media - NodeRunner Books - ebooks (Google, Project Gutenberg), interactive (The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore, “Our Choice” 4:35) Art - UBUweb, FLONG, personal blogs/sites Augmented Reality Art- Layar Software, (un)seen art Films - YouTube, Vimeo, UBUweb, Interactive Narratives
  • 13. Delivery on Multiple Devices Using the world wide web as a platform for delivery, we can explore the use of Digital Storytelling on multiple devices, and “stories” and texts can be constantly revised easily: Computers Tablets eReaders (nook, Kindle) Electronic Pads (iPad) Music storage units (iPod) Cell phones
  • 14. Delivery Intentions The intentions of the story and anticipation of audience can instigate various reasons for creation of digital storytelling: Personal narrative - StoryCorps, individual blogs & sites Social change - Stories for Change, InvisiblePeople.tv Community - Indivisible, American Family Stories Language and Literature - Journal of Ordinary Thought, Katha Ethnicity - Beyond the Fire, Iowa Roots History - Center for History and New Media, 911 Digital Archive
  • 15. Investigate the Tools Available With such a wide variety of tools available, it is important to understand the opportunities and limitations of those available to create your story: Digital Software Tools Money - Adobe, Apple, Autodesk Free Open-Source - GIMP, InkScape, SWIFT, Blender Web hosted tools - Blurb, Flickr, Instagram Publishing platforms - WordPress, Tumblr, Zapd, VoiceThread, SlideShare, Animoto, Facebook, PBworks, Prezi, Storify
  • 16. Explore Collaboration Intention - decide what the intention of your story holds and what your intention is for your audience Explore the tools - some require mastery, others are intuitive Explore the media - will it be sound, photographs, the moving image, the written word, or what is the combination? Delivery - choose a delivery method that supports this intention - website, mobile device, app, video game, performance, speech.... Interactivity - determine the amount of content action and user action your digital narrative requires for The
  • 17. A Story on Stories... To the best of our KNOWLEDGE: Wisconsin Public Radio - podcast, download, stream Jonathan Harris on Cowbird: 13:20 - “Stories of Us” in iTunes (to 5:54...) Transcript of Jonathan Harris on ttbook.com http://ttbook.org/book/stories-us COWBIRD - www.cowbird.com
  • 18. Bibliography • Klopfer, Eric. Augmented Learning: Research and Design of Mobile Educational Games. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2008. Print. • Davidson, Drew. Beyond Fun: Serious Games and Media. ETC, 2008. Print. • Davidson, Cathy N., and David Theo. Goldberg. The Future of Learning Institutions in a Digital Age. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2009. Print. • Richardson, Will. Blogs, Wikis, Podcasts, and Other Powerful Web Tools for Classrooms. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Corwin, 2009. Print. • Flanagan, Mary. Critical Play: Radical Game Design. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2009. Print. • "Digital Storytelling." Educational Uses of Digital Storytelling. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. <http:// digitalstorytelling.coe.uh.edu/survey/index.html>. • "Educational Uses of Digital Storytelling." Educational Uses of Digital Storytelling. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. <http://digitalstorytelling.coe.uh.edu/research.html>. • Matthews-DeNatale, Ph.D., Gail. "Digital Storytelling: Tips and Resources." Simmons College. Web. 20 Feb. 2012.
  • 19. Activity Set up your wordpress.com blog Explore the interface Review settings Explore appearances, themes, etc... Write your first blog entry!

Notes de l'éditeur

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  2. Before the printing press, it was oral tradition that preserved not only historical facts, religion, and family tradition, but also &amp;#x201C;The Canterbury Tales&amp;#x201D; by Chaucer dating to the 14th century. Now, we have any number of ways to access information!\n
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  7. How relevant is the term paper anymore? Blogging...Students are more impassioned by this &amp;#x201C;new literacy&amp;#x201D;. They love writing for an audience and ENGAGING\n
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  16. With this inevitable shift to this information explosion, there will be far more collaboration in school, and otherwise. This will translate to every career as well.\n
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