The document discusses various types of hydraulic cements, including Portland cements that meet ASTM C150 specifications for types I through V, as well as blended cements that combine Portland cement with supplementary cementitious materials like fly ash or slag to provide benefits like improved durability or reduced heat generation. Specialty cements are also covered, such as white cement, masonry cement, and expansive cement used for applications requiring shrinkage compensation.
4. Types of Portland Cement
ASTM C 150 (AASHTO M 85)
I Normal
IA Normal, air-entraining
II Moderate sulfate resistance
IIA Moderate sulfate resistance, air-entraining
III High early strength
IIIA High early strength, air-entraining
IV Low heat of hydration
V High sulfate resistance
6. Type II & Type V
Sulfate Resistant Cements
• Moderate sulfate
resistant cements and
high sulfate resistant
cements improve the
sulfate resistance of
concrete elements, such
as:
– Slabs on ground
– Pipes
– Concrete posts exposed
to high-sulfate soils.
8. Moderate and Low Heat Cements
Moderate heat and low
heat cements minimize
heat generation in
massive elements or
structures such as very
thick bridge supports,
and dams.
9. Moderate and Low Heat Cements
Hoover dam, shown
here, used a Type IV
cement to control
temperature rise.
10. Type III
High Early Strength Cements
High early strength
cements are used
where early concrete
strength is needed,
such as in cold weather
concreting, fast track
paving to minimize
traffic congestion, and
rapid form removal for
precast concrete.
13. Chemical Composition of Portland Cements
Portland Chemical Composition, %
Cement
Type SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO SO3 Na2Oeq
I (mean) 20.5 5.4 2.6 63.9 2.1 3.0 0.61
II (mean) 21.2 4.6 3.5 63.8 2.1 2.7 0.51
III
20.6 4.9 2.8 63.4 2.2 3.5 0.56
(mean)
IV
22.2 4.6 5.0 62.5 1.9 2.2 0.36
(mean)
V
21.9 3.9 4.2 63.8 2.2 2.3 0.48
(mean)
White
22.7 4.1 0.3 66.7 0.9 2.7 0.18
(mean)
14. Compound Composition and Fineness of
Portland Cements
Portland Chemical Composition, % Blaine
Cement fineness
Type C3S C2S C3A C4AF M2/kg
I (mean) 54 18 10 8 369
II (mean) 55 19 6 11 377
III (mean) 55 17 9 8 548
IV (mean) 42 32 4 15 340
V (mean) 54 22 4 13 373
White
63 18 10 1 482
(mean)
15. Blended Hydraulic Cement
ASTM C 595
General —
a hydraulic cement consisting of two or more
inorganic constituents, which contribute to
the strength gaining properties of cement.
16. Blended Cements
Blended cements
(ASTM C 595, AASHTO
M 240, and ASTM C
1157) use a
combination of Portland
cement or clinker and
gypsum blended or
interground with
pozzolans, slag, or fly
ash
18. ASTM C595 Blended Cements
Interground or blended
IP, IS
MS Moderate sulfate resistance
HS High sulfate resistance
MH Moderate heat
LH Low heat
19. Hydraulic Blended Cements
ASTM C 595 (AASHTO M 240)
Type IS
PortlandBlast-Furnace Slag Cement
Up to 95% slag content
Type IP
Portland-PozzolanCement
Up to 40% pozzolan
20. Type IP Blended Cement
(ASTM C 595)
IP → 40% pozzolan
Durability (increased durability)
25-35% for ASR and sulfate resistance
25-40% for low heat of hydration
Strength (higher long-term strength)
Reduced acceleration in summer
Reduction in permeability
21. Type IS Blended Cements
(ASTM C 595)
IS → up to 95% slag
Durability
40-50% for ASR and sulfate resistance
35-70% for low heat of hydration
Strength
Similar in summer to Portland cement
Equivalent at 28 days
Increased long term strength
Reduction in Permeability
22. New ASTM C595 Designations
Type IS(X): Portland blast-furnace slag cement
(up to 95 % slag)
Type IP(X): Portland-pozzolan cement (up to
40 % pozzolan)
Type IT(X)(Y): Ternary blend (discussed later)
(X) represents targeted percentage of slag or
pozzolan
IP(15) = 15 % pozzolan
IS(70) = 70 % slag
23. Special Properties
Moderate sulfate resistance – (MS)
High sulfate resistance – (HS)
Moderate heat of hydration - (MH)
Low heat of hydration – (LH)
Examples
IP(25) (HS)
IS(50) (MS)
24. New in 2009
Ternary Blended Cements
The new cement type in C595 is a TERNARY BLENDED
CEMENT and is designated IT. The basic description
of a ternary cement is that it contains 2 SCMs along
with portland cement or clinker.
In close reading of C595 this option existed
previously for pozzolans, but the change makes it
clear when a ternary cement is used and what its
composition is.
25. New in 2009
Ternary Blended Cements
The concept of the change is that all of the same
chemical and physical limits apply for ternary blended
cements as applied to Type IS and IP BINARY blended
cements.
If the SCM present in the highest amount is a
slag, requirements of Type IS apply. If a pozzolan is
present in larger amount, the requirements of Type IP
apply.
To provide information for customers as to exactly what
the ternary cement composition is, both the amount and
type of SCM is defined in the cement nomenclature.
26. New in 2009
Ternary Blended Cements (Summary)
New Type IT
1 slag and 1 pozzolan or 2 pozzolans
Same chemical and physical limits for ternary
blended cements as for binary blended
cements (IP or IS) with the same predominant
SCM
Amount and type of SCMs used in
nomenclature
27. Ternary Blended Cements
The naming convention is shown here: The
cement is called a TYPE IT with the amounts
and types of SCM identified in parentheses.
Generically this Type IT(AX)(BY) where A and B
are the types of SCMs and X and Y are their
corresponding amounts, in percentage by
mass.
28. Ternary Blended Cements
Nomenclature
Format: Type IT(AX)(BY)
Where A and B are SCM types and X and Y are
amounts
S=slag or P=pozzolan
Primary (highest content) SCM listed first
If X=Y requirements of Type IT(P>S) apply
(Type IP)
Example: Type IT(S25)(P15) contains 25% slag
and 15% pozzolan
29. Ternary Blended Cements
As noted earlier, the requirements for the
ternary cement are identical to those for the
binary cement (IP or IS) with the same SCM
present in the highest amount.
For example a Type IT(S25)(P15) has more slag
cement and thus the requirements are the
same as those of a Type IS(25).
Optional requirements such as MS, HS, or LH
can also be invoked.
30. Performance Hydraulic Cements
ASTM C 1157
First performance specification for hydraulic
cements
Cements meet physical performance test
requirements rather than prescriptive
restrictions on ingredients or cement
chemistry as in other cement specifications.
31. ASTM C1157
Type GU General Use
Type HE High early strength
Type MS Moderate sulfate resistance
Type HS High sulfate resistance
Type MH Moderate heat of hydration
Type LH Low heat of hydration
32. Applications for Commonly
Used Cements
Check the local availability of specific cements
as all cements are not available everywhere.
33. Applications for Commonly Used Cements
Resistance
Moderate Moderate to Alkali-
Cement General High early Low heat of High sulfate
heat of Sulfate silica
Specifications Purpose strength hydration resistance
hydration resistance reactivity
(ASR)
ASTM C 150
II
(AASHTO M
(moderate Low alkali
85) I III IV II V
heat option
Portland
option)
Cements
ASTM C 595 IS(MS)
IS(MH)
(AASHTO M IS IP(MS)
IP(MH)
240) IP P(MS) Low
I(PM)
Blended I(PM) P(LH) I(PM) reactivity
(MH)
hydraulic I(SM) (MS) option
I(SM)
cements S, P I(SM)
(MH)
(MS)
ASTM C 1157
Hydraulic GU MH HE LH MS HS Option R
cements
34. Specialty Cements
Expansive
Regulated Set
Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement
White cement
Masonry cement
35. Applications for Special Cements
Special Cements Type Application
White Portland cements, I, II, III, V White or colored concrete,
ASTM C 150 masonry, mortar, grout,
plaster, and stucco
White masonry cements M, S, N White mortar between
ASTM C 91 masonry units
Masonry cements M, S, N Mortar between masonry
ASTM C 91 units, plaster, and stucco
Mortar cements M, S, N Mortar between masonry
ASTM C 1329 units
Plastic cements M, S Plaster and stucco
ASTM C 1328
36. Applications for Special Cements
Special Cements Type Application
Expansive Cements E-1(K), E-1(M), E-1(S) Shrinkage compensating
ASTM C 845 concrete
Oil-well cements A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H Grouting wells
API-10
Water-repellent Tile grout, paint, and
Cements stucco finish coats
Regulated-set Early strength and repair
Cements
37. Expansive Cements
ASTM C 845 designates three types
Type E-1 K
Type E-1 M
Type E-1 S
Type K is the most available
Water curing is important
Primarily used for industrial floors, has been
used successfully for bridge decks
38. Masonry Cements
Type N — for Type O
and Type N
mortars and
with portland
cement for
mortar Types
S and M
Type S — for Type S
mortar
Type M — for Type M
mortar
40. Stucco using Masonry or Plastic
Cements
Masonry cement and plastic cement are used
to make plaster or stucco for commercial,
institutional, and residential buildings.
41. White Cement
Negligible amounts of iron and magnesium
Manufactured to ASTM C 150 requirements
Type I
Type III
Used in white or colored concrete
Barriers and parapets
Noise walls
White roofs
42. White Concrete Barriers
Photos on the next slide represent white
concrete barriers used on the Capital Beltway
located in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. They were
roughly constructed in 1997.
As you can see, these barriers are highly
visible, increasing safety for all drivers at time
of day.