1. STAGES OF ESP COURSE
DESIGN IDENTIFYING AND
CONDUCTING STEPS OF NEED
ASSESSMENT
Group VI

2.  Language-centred course design
The language-centred course design process aims to draw as direct
a connection as possible between the analysis of the target situation
and the content of ESP course
Identify learners
Target situation
Establish
evaluation
procedures to
test acquisition
of syllabus items
Select theoritical
views of
language
Identify linguistic
feature of target
situation
Create syllabus
design material
to examplify
syllabus items

3.  Skill-centred course design
The basic theoretical hypothesis is that
underlying any language behavior are certain
skill and strategies, which the learner uses in
order to produce or comprehend discourse

4. Write
syllabus
Identify target
situation
Select texts and
write exercises
to focus on skill/
strategies in
syllabus
Establish
evaluation
procedures
which require
the use of skills/
strategies in
syllabus
Theoretical
views of learning
Analyse skill/
strategies
required to cope
in target situation
Theoretical
views of
language

5.  A learning-centred approach
The learner-centred approach is based on the
principle that learning is totally determine by the
learner.

6.  A language-centred approach
 considers the learner to here
A language-centred approach
considers the learner to here
A leraning-centred approach
must consider the learner at every
stage
Identify target situation
Analyse target situation
Analyse learning situation
Teach materials
Write materials
Write syllabus
Evaluate learner
achievement

7. WHAT IS A NEEDS
ASSESSMENT?
 A needs assessment is a systematic approach
to studying the state of knowledge, ability,
interest, or attitude of a defined audience or
group involving a particular subject.

8. Direct and indirect assessments
A direct needs assessment is accomplished
through formal research that gathers data from
clientele. An indirect approach uses secondary
data or asks surrogates (advisors) for their
opinions about priority needs and issues.

9.  An indirect assessment can be conducted at
any time when an advisory committee is
meeting and does not require the same level
of investment in the design, implementation,
and analysis.

10. Seven steps in conducting a needs
assessment
1. Write objectives: What is it that you want to
learn from the needs assessment?
2. Select audience: Who is the target
audience? Whose needs are you measuring,
and to whom will you give the required
information?
3. Collect data: How will you collect data that
will tell you what you need to know? Will you
collect data directly from the target audience or
indirectly?

11. 4. Select audience sample: How will you select
a sample of respondents who represent the
target audience?
5. Pick an instrument: What instruments and
techniques will you use to collect data?
6. Analyze data: How will you analyze the data
you collect?
7. Follow-up: What will you do with information
that you gain?

12. Objectives of a needs
assessment:
Various objectives of a needs assessment are
based on two things: who is asking the
questions (what is your mission and
responsibility?); and who is the target
audience. The objectives will dictate how the
needs assessment is to be designed and
conducted.

13. FOUR DATA COLLECTING
METHODS
1. SURVEYS
Written surveys may be conducted by mail, by
e-mail, or by using a Web page. They also
may be used to gather data from a group of
individuals attending an event.
2. INTERVIEWS
Interviews are a means to collect needs
assessment data through one or more
conversations between two or more people.

14. 3. FOCUS GROUPS
Focus groups are group discussions conducted in
person with a limited number of stakeholders to
gain information about their views and
experiences on a topic.
4. WORKING GROUPS
Group process is used to manage how people
work together in groups. Group processes refer to
a variety of techniques and activities through
which a facilitator leads a group to a desired
output and corresponding outcome.