The document discusses various methods used for validating a test, including content validity using an Item Objective Congruence analysis and calculating reliability using the Kuder-Richardson 20 method. It also outlines a non-randomized one group pre-test post-test design to study the effectiveness of a training program, comparing pre-and post-test percentage scores using a dependent t-test. Effect size is also calculated using formulas for E1 and E2.