2. What are electronic-textiles
Materials with electronic functionality and at the same
time textile characteristic
Incorporating some amount of conductive material-
enable electrical conductivity
Contains conductive yarns
Use textile manufacturing techniques
3. Development behind of electronic textiles
To create innovative design and the intelligent products
Electrical conductors are easier to- handle in textile
fabrication processes.
“Electronic” means that a system is able to exchange and
process information If textiles had the ability to record,
analyze, store, send and display data
miniaturization of electronic components and
attachment to textiles
4. Design issues for wearable e-textiles
Environment issue
Human body and motion,
Manufacturability (weave & piecework),
Networking,
Power consumption, and
Software execution.
5. Advantages of using E-Textiles over
conventional electronics
Large flexible area - create new computer designs and
architectures
Elastic and extendable
Produced at low-cost
Fibre/air composite nature gives excellent
comfort
E-textiles- warmth, softness, lightweight and breathability-
sympathatic
High technology products - rigidity and asympathatic nature.
7. Requirements for embedding electronic functions in the
clothing
Flexibility
Lightweight
Comfort
Conductivity
Good process ability
Good wear ability
Finally ,low cost
8. Components of a wearable electronic textile system
Network unit: transmission of data within them
wearable computer and to external networks
Sensor unit: registration of biometric and
environmental data and of user commands
Processing unit: calculating, analysing and storing
data
Power unit: supplying energy
Action unit: adapting to situations, creating an effect
on the user, displaying data
11. Optical or glass fibre for electronics
Optical or glass fibers 120 microns in dia
used telecommunications, local area networks (LAN's), cable TV,
closed circuit TV
filament developed by drawing molten glass through bushings
optical fiber sensors, and conductive textiles to carry signals in
the form of pulses of light
optical fibers offer excellent strength and sunlight
resistance, relatively stiff ,poor flexibility, drapeability and
abrasion resistance.
12. Types of yarns and fabrics
Yarns
Spun yarns
Filament yarns
Plied yarns
Fabric
Woven
Knitted
Braided tapes and cords
Non Woven
13. Conductive fabrics
The fabric compose of
alternate polymer and metal yarn. metal wire possesses a
thin polymer coating for electrical insulation
Twisted metal wire, metal wire is twisted around the polymer
yarn
Metal filaments conductive yarn consists of staple yarn with
metallic fibers
Metal coating polymer yarn,is chemically coated with a thin
metal layer
14. Conductive fabrics
Printing on fabric :
by ink-jet or screen-printing on non-conductive fabric
Conductive inks, pastes base on silver
high brittleness on Bending destroy conductive
structure
so elastic polymer layer use between the fabric and the
conductive paste to mitigate this effect
15. Conductive textile exist
ORGANZA® (metallized silk)
FLECTRON ® (metallized polyester)
BELLTRON ® (polyester or polyamide with
carbon)
CT® (carbonised glass fibre textile)
Statex 117/17 twine (silver-coated polyamide
yarn)117 dtex34 no of fibres in twine, resistance
is around 500Ω/m
16. Metallic Silk organza
created by wrapping a non-conductive yarn with
a metallic copper, silver, or gold foil
metallic organza woven silk warp yarn and silk
yarn is wrapped with copper in the weft direction
silk fiber core has a high tensile strength and
can withstand high temperatures
it allows the metallic organza to be sewen or
embroidered on industrial machinery
strip of is fabric can function like a ribbon cable
This metallic thread is prepared like cloth-core
telephone wire, highly conductive (~0.1 Ω/cm)
18. Fibre batteries
electrochemical cell generate voltage by red-ox
rxn, battery is series of electrochemical cells
Battery electrodes consist of metals, metal
oxides, carbon-based materials, conducting
polymers
Metals are typically employed as anodes, metal
oxides as cathodes, carbon materials as cathodes
polymers can act as both cathodes or anodes
fiber cells fabricated by coating a fiber with thin
film layers, consisting of the same materials
typically used in flat batteries, such as LiCoO2 as
cathode, lithium as anode, and LiPON( lithium
phosphorus oxynitride Li3.1 PO3.3 N0.5) as solid
electrolyte
19. Textile Based Capacitive Pressure Sensor
decoding the pressure exerted over abroad piece of fabric
by a mean of capacitive sensing
device described produces an image of the pressure field
over the sensing surface, providing both information on
the position of the area touched and on the pressure
exerted on it
capacitor has been made with the coupling capacitance
between two conductive strips separated by an elastic and
dielectric material
The conductive columns and rows can be simply drawn
onto opposite sides of a piece of insulating material using
conductive ink
20. Cont….
dielectric layer between a given row and column
of electrodes is squeezed, as pressure is exerted
over the corresponding fabric area, the coupling
capacitance between is changed
21. Fabric as an acoustic array for location
determination
computational fabric
serving as an acoustic
array capable of
determining location and
direction of motion of a
enemy vehicle
Use basic technique
Global Positioning System
(GPS)
22. Wearable Motherboard
Georgia Tech Wearable Motherboard
provides versatile frame work for the incorporation of
sensing, monitoring and information processing
devices. It uses optical fibers to detect bullet wounds,
and special sensors and interconnections to monitor
the body vital signs of individuals
lightweight and can be worn easily by anyone
23. Cont…
Having wearable motherboard “programmable” computing
device hardware, software and soft wear components as an
integral part of the fabric/garment
garment including electrically
conductive fibres and optical
fibres for transfering
information from sensors to
processing units
Electrical fibre (e.g. stainless
steel, copper or doped nylon
fibre) is insulated with a PVC
or PE coating
24. Cont…
Used Flexible chips
(silicon)
Power supply
lithium polymer battery
and micro fuel cells
Energy come from
Sunlight, body
temperature and body
motion energy
transformed into electrical
energy
Use temp difference
between outside and
inside of clothing which
produce power of few
microwatts / cm2
25. Musical jackets
By -MIT Media Lab
Sound is projected
through mini-speakers
in the jacket's pockets
whole setup weighs less
than one pound most of
weight from batteries
and speaker cases
unclip the speakers,
batteries, and
synthesizer and it can
wash easily
MIT Media Lab created the Musical
Jacket marketed by Levi in Europe
26. Colour changing fabric
Electric Plaid™
fabric contains interwoven stainless steel yarns, painted with
thermochromic inks, which are connected to electronics drive
The flexible wall hangings can then be programmed to change color
in response to heat from the conducting wires
27. High performance electronic sportsweare By
Philips
Enhance performance for a
workout at the gym,
extreme sporting activities
Integrated fabric sensors to
monitor and display pulse,
blood pressure, time,
distance, speed, and
calories
Sensors can also record
arm action for improving
golf or tennis swings, body
temperature
28. Jacket by Levi Strauss &
Philips For communication
mobile phone and MP3 player,
speakers, a microphone and a display
Devices and control pad can be
disconnected for garment launderingns
Smart Shirt (Georgia Institute )
monitors the wearer's heart rate, ECG
respiration, Skien temperature, and
other vital signs
29. Mamagoose pajama
By Verhaert
prevention from sudden
infant death syndrome due
to endowed with heartbeat
30. Smart interiors
Switching and pressure sensing
incorporated invisibly into interior.
Textiles in the home or office to
control lighting, security, temperature
or other electronic appliances
● Light switches/dimmers into seating
upholstery or carpets
● Audio-visual remote controls into soft
furnishings
● Interior environmental conditions can
be changed using wearable switches or
by touching wall coverings
32. Limitations of E-textiles
Limited reliability
Limitation concerning mass production
Limited processing and storage capability-limited
power supply
Specific range of applications
Not as flexible as textile clothing
33. Electronic Textile Future
consumer look for innovative intelligent products
geometric and mechanical properties of textiles (large
flexible area) differ strongly from conventional
electronics and can create new computer designs and
architectures
Research has to be carried out
testing under wearing conditions
washing/cleaning treatments investigation of reliability
35. Conclusion
‘Electronic textile' is a result of the convergence of
microelectronics with textiles
surrounding us in our daily life
Used in clothing, home textiles, military, navy, medical
application.
Limited reliability, high cost
Specific range of applications
Not as flexible as textile clothing