2. We will describe healthy and unhealthy habits
and activities out loud and in writing.
We will compare what we „used to do‟ with what
we do now.
We will make inferences about why someone
stopped doing certain habits or activities.
We will listen for and practice saying the /s/ and
/z/ sounds.
We will ask and answer questions using the verb
“use to / used to”.
We will give advice about how to make healthy
choices using the modal verbs should and could.
3. These pictures both show Mario and his dog.
◦ What changes has Mario made in his life?
Photo from: Adelson-
Goldstein & Stantamaria,
Step Forward 3 2007,
p.106)
1. Talk with a partner about what you see in each picture.
“I see…”
2. Work with a partner to write down what you see.
3. Talk with a partner to compare what Mario used to do with what he does now.
Why do you think he changed?
“Mario used to…”
4. With your partner, write down 3 sentences:
Mario used to____________, but now he____________
because______________________________________.
4.
5. While we listen, check the list you made of things
Mario did „Before‟ and „After‟.
◦ Does your list match with what we hear?
◦ Put a √ by the items on your list that you also hear in
“Mario‟s Story”.
After listening, make an inference:
◦ Talk with your partner about what you think Mario might
do next and why you think he will do it.
“Next, Mario will…because…”
◦ Then, write down 3 sentences telling what Mario might
do next and why he will do it.
Next, Mario will…because…
Then, he will…because…
After that, he will…because…
6. Now, you and your partner will use your
inferences to act out a conversation between
Mario and one of his friends.
Choose:
◦ Who will play the part of Mario?
◦ Who will play the part of Mario‟s friend?
Mario will tell…
What he used to do
What he does now
What he will do in the next couple months
Mario‟s friend will…
Ask Mario what he used to do
Ask Mario why he changed his habits
Tell a story about what you used to do, what you do now,
and why you changed your habits.
7. Yumiko Hi Mario, how are you doing?
Where: a Mario Hi Yumiko! I am great! How are you?
coffee shop Yumiko I‟m pretty good, but I want to make some changes. I don‟t
feel very healthy. I used to exercise every day, but now I am
Who: Mario very busy with my new job and am so tired when I come
home. Did you use to exercise?
and his
friend,
Yumiko Mario No, I used to watch a lot of TV and eat a lot of junk food. I
did not make very healthy choices.
Yumiko Did your doctor tell you to make some changes?
Mario Actually I made a wellness plan at school and I decided to try
to follow that plan. I feel so much better now!
Yumiko Wow, that‟s great! So what will you do in the winter to
exercise?
Mario I will join a gym so that I can exercise all year round, in any
kind of weather.
Yumiko Maybe I will join the gym too. Then we could work out
together!
Mario Great idea! It‟s more fun to exercise with a friend!
8. “What letter(s) make the /s/ sound?
◦ Could there be more than one?
What letter(s) make the /z/ sound?
◦ Could there be more than one?”
Did you notice that you use your voice when you
make the /z/ sound?
◦ Put two fingers on your throat and say zzzzzz ---
Voiced Sound
◦ Put two fingers on your throat and say ssssss ---
Unvoiced Sound
Do you notice the difference?
9. Let‟s make a list of words that have the /s/
or/z/ sound.
◦ Examples: snake /s/, zebra /z/
◦ Talk with a partner to brainstorm a list for each
sound.
◦ We will share together in a few minutes and will
make lists on the board will all of our ideas.
/s/ /z/
Snake Zebra
10. Do you have your listening guide?
Do you have your index card?
◦ Did you write S on one side and Z on the other?
Directions:
1. Listen to the recording.
2. Follow along with recording by reading the sentences at the top
of the listening guide.
3. For each sentence, decide if the form of the word “use” has an
„s‟ that sounds like /s/ or /z/.
• If you decide you hear the /s/ sound, hold up the „S‟ card.
• If you decide you hear the /z/ sound, hold up the „Z‟.
• Then, put a √ in the /s/ or /z/ box on your handout, or both,
to show which sound the „s‟ makes in the word “use”
Example: Do you hear /s/ or /z/?
I used to eat too much candy when I was younger.
Now I use healthy foods for my snacks instead of candy.
12. Work by yourself to complete the following 2 sentences:
Sample conversation – Past habits and activities:
Partner A: Did you use to exercise every day?
Partner B: No, I used to make unhealthy choices. How about you? Did you use
to exercise every day?
Partner A: Yes, I used to exercise every day before I go my new job. Now I am
too busy to exercise every day. Did you use to use a lot of fruits and vegetables
in your meals?
Partner B: No, I used to use foods with a lot of calories and unhealthy
ingredients. How about you? Did you use to use a lot of fruits and vegetables
in your meals?
Partner A: Yes, I used to use a lot of fruits and vegetables, but now I eat a lot of
fast food. I need to make some changes in my life!
13. “Did you use to…?” “Yes, I used to…”
Write
about
your past
habits
and
activities!
You and your partner will perform your conversation for the teacher when you
are finished – be sure to practice your pronunciation of “use to”, “used to” and “use”!
14. Work with your partner to brainstorm a list of
verbs that go with health or exercise.
◦ Examples: bikes, walks, runs, plays, lifts weights,
etc.
Then, work together to put each verb in a
category based on the sound of the „s‟:
/s/ /z/ Neither Both /s/ and /z/
Bikes Runs Fishing Swims
15. “How about
biking,
running,
walking,
swimming…”
We will work together in our table groups to
brainstorm as many words as we can that are Let‟s try one together:
connected to one of these topics:
exercise
healthy foods biking
unhealthy foods
healthy habits walking
unhealthy habits
Pick a stick at your table to see what your role will
be: recorder, facilitator, time keeper, or Exercise
researcher.
swimming
Your table group will have three minutes to write
down all of the words you can think of that go with
your topic. running
Then we will pass the paper on to the next table
and you will have a new topic to brainstorm about.
16. Think back to the last time you were at the
doctor‟s office.
Imagine the doctor looked at you and said,
“I am very worried about your health. You need to start
making healthy choices right away!”
You will work with your table to brainstorm:
◦ What unhealthy choices could this person be making?
◦ What are some solutions this person could try to
become healthier?
17. When we give advice to someone, we are giving
them a helpful idea.
◦ Example:
If you want to do well in school, you should study.
If you want to do better in school, you could stay after class to
ask the teacher about something you didn‟t understand.
The words should and could are two examples of modal verbs. They help us
give suggestions or recommendations to other people.
• We use should when we strongly suggest something.
• We use could when we are making a more polite recommendation, or
giving a possible option or idea.
Let‟s brainstorm a list of sentences using should
or could.
Who usually gives us advice?
◦ We are now experts about making healthy choices!
18. We will now record our advice to create a class podcast on making
healthy choices.
In your small groups, choose:
◦ One unhealthy habit or activity from your “Bad News from the Doctor” handout.
◦ Two healthy solutions to your unhealthy habit from your handout.
Someone will explain why this is a healthy solution and how it will help the
person.
Each group member will read one part.
Here is an example of how we will share our advice:
Partner A: I used to eat healthy, but now I only eat fast food. I am so
busy!
Partner B: You should cook a few meals at home – there are many fast
and easy meals that are healthy!
Partner C: Or you could cook lots of healthy food on the weekends so you
have enough for your lunch during the week.
Partner D: Eating healthy foods gives your body the vitamins it needs to
give you energy and keep you healthy.
