language testing

1. “Etika dan Profesi Keguruan”
LANGUAGE TESTING
About
Assigning grades and course marks
Lecturer:
NINA SUZANE, M.Pd

2. By :
The Seventh Group:
IKA LASMIATUN (12 104 010)
REFTIKA SYAFNI (12 104 023)
YULIA META ARPANI (12 104 026)

3. There are at least six functions of grades :
 Provide feedback to students and keep them
apprised of their progress.
 Help students evaluate their own strengths and
weaknesses.
 Motivate students to learn. Grades can be
overemphasized, but when used properly they
serve as a positive motivating factor by rewarding
students for their progress.

4.  Provide information to help students make
decisions about future courses and career
choices.
 Communicate student achievement to others —
potential employers, graduate schools, etc.
 Select students for special programs (such as
remedial or advanced) or allow them to waive
requirements.

6. Problems of Grading
 Course marks frequently do not reflect the
actual course achievement of individual pupils.
 Teachers lack objective, clearly defined criteria
for assigning grades.
 The halo effect frequently influences teachers to
grade those whom they like higher than their
achievement warrants.
 Occasionally personality conflicts between a
pupil and the teacher cause the pupil to be
unfairly penalized when he is assigned a grade.

7.  There is a tendency for male teachers to assign
higher grades to female pupils than to male
pupils for comparable achievement. And the
reverse sex bias is also distinguishable in the
grades assigned by female teachers.
 Course marks are often given on the basis of
insufficient data concerning the achievement of
pupils.
 The grade may reflect a cultural bias detrimental
to minority group pupils.
 The basis for assigning grades may not be clear
to pupils and parents.

8. General Principles of Grading
• The course mark should accurately reflect the
level of achievement of each pupil in the class.
• Class marks should not be used for disciplinary
purposes.
• The students should be acquainted with the
grading method that the teacher is using.
• Pupils should be permitted to know their graded
progress throughout the term.

9. • If the graded are to have comparability from one
class to another within a school system, it is
essential that there be staff consensus on the
grading policy.
• If the grading system is norm referenced, the
grade distribution will approximate the normal-
curve percentages.
• If the grading system is criterion referenced, the
standards should be as at a level that most
pupils can reasonably be expected to achieve.

10. Methods of Grading:
o Conventional method of grading
o New Method of Grading
Calculating Grades:
o Absolute grading
o Relative grading

11. Method of Assigning Course Mark
General principles
Use of median and mode
Point-score methods